با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن فیزیولوژی و فارماکولوژی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دکتری، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

چکیده

مدل­های آشیان بوم‌شناختی کاربردهای فراوانی در بوم‌شناسی دیرینه، باستان­شناسی و انسان­شناسی دیرینه پیدا کرده­اند. این مدل­ها بر مبنای تئوری آشیان بوم‌شناختی هستند و برای ساخت آشیان بوم‌شناختی گونه­ها مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرند. مدل­های آشیان بوم‌شناختی با استفاده از اطلاعات حضور گونه­ها و متغیرهای محیطی احتمال حضور آنها را در یک محدوده جغرافیایی معین تعیین می­کنند. در مطالعه حاضر با استفاده از مدل مکسنت، نقاط حضور انسان نئاندرتال در فلات ایران (بر اساس مصنوعات سنگی فرهنگ موستری) و متغیرهای اقلیم گذشته و توپوگرافی، توزیع دیرینه این انسان باستانی در فلات مرکزی ایران بازسازی شد. نتایج حاصل نشان داد لکه­های فراوانی دارای مطلوبیت بالا برای حضور گونه بوده که پیوسته­ترین مناطق مطلوب در غرب استان سمنان، شرق اصفهان و استان یزد قرار دارند. متغیر تنوع توپوگرافی با 3/48 درصد اهمیت، مهمترین عامل مؤثر بر توزیع انسان نئاندرتال تشخیص داده شد. اهمیت بالای متغیر تنوع توپوگرافی به این دلیل است که در مناطق با تنوع توپوگرافی بالاتر منابع غذایی بیشتری در دسترس است. بر اساس مدل مکسنت مناطقی در منطقه مورد مطالعه وجود دارند که دارای مطلوبیت بالا برای حضور انسان نئاندرتال­ بوده اما تا کنون آثاری از حضور نئاندرتال­ها در آن­ها یافت نشده است. بنابراین مدل حاضر که مدل آشیان بوم-فرهنگی انسان نئاندرتال در ایران مرکزی نامیده می‌شود، می­تواند راهنمایی برای انتخاب مناطق با اولویت بالا برای پایش­های صحرایی به منظور یافتن آثار نئاندرتال­ها در فلات مرکزی ایران باشد.

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