Animal physiology
Safar Mohseni Bandpay
Abstract
In recent years, diet has attracted much attention due to its role in human health and its connection with diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. Adiponectin is produced in white adipose tissue and increases fat oxidation, reduces fatty acid levels and triglyceride content, ...
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In recent years, diet has attracted much attention due to its role in human health and its connection with diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. Adiponectin is produced in white adipose tissue and increases fat oxidation, reduces fatty acid levels and triglyceride content, and increases insulin sensitivity. Calorie restriction, which is the consumption of 20 to 40 percent of the usual daily calories while maintaining adequate intake of other nutrients, increases lifespan and delays the onset of various diseases. Enalapril is a blood pressure-lowering drug. This factor also reduces leptin in the body. The animals used were male rats weighing 250 grams, which were kept in accordance with research recommendations under appropriate conditions of 12-hour light periods and a temperature of 18-22 degrees. Then, they were divided into 4 groups: control group, calorie restriction group, enalapril group, and calorie restriction group with enalapril. Considering the above, we decided to investigate the effects of calorie restriction in the presence of enalapril on adiponectin. Calorie restriction significantly increased adiponectin (P≤0.5), and the simultaneous use of these two factors had a greater effect (P≤0.001). The effect of calorie restriction with enalapril on reducing blood sugar was significant (p≤0.01), while enalapril alone had no significant effect. Thus, calorie restriction with enalapril, by increasing insulin sensitivity and reducing inflammatory factors, significantly increased adiponectin and reduced blood sugar, which was greater than the effect of each separately.
Veterinary
Ali Shabani Bazmin Abadi; Behnam Pedram; Seyedeh Ommolbanin Ghasemian
Abstract
Background and Objective: Serum indices are widely utilized in diagnose various diseases. By knowing their levels, valuable information can be obtained when these indices either decrease or increase. This study investigated the relationship between T3 Resin uptake and serum lipid profiles in apparently ...
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Background and Objective: Serum indices are widely utilized in diagnose various diseases. By knowing their levels, valuable information can be obtained when these indices either decrease or increase. This study investigated the relationship between T3 Resin uptake and serum lipid profiles in apparently healthy Holstein cows.Method: This basic analytical research included 120 Holstein cows (77 females and 43 bulls) from e Mahdasht livestock farm in Sari County, Mazandaran Province. For each test, 5 cc of peripheral blood was collected from the samples. The Serum Resin Uptake T3 was measured using the ELISA method. The serum lipid profile was evaluated concerning the Resin Uptake T3 levels.Results: Among the 120 Holstein cows (77 females, 43 males), the mean age was 3.85±1.08 years. Only 1.4% (5 cases) of the cows exhibited abnormal triiodothyronine levels. No significant correlation was found between Triiodothyronine and total cholesterol (r=0.06, P=0.45), triglycerides (r=0.04, P=0.61), LDL (r=-0.06, P=0.51), HDL (r=-0.2, P=0.77), or VLDL (r=0.05, P=0.55). Female animals had significantly lower Triiodothyronine (Z=-2.38, P=0.01) and cholesterol (t=2.81, P=0.006) levels compared to males. There were no age-related differences in Triiodothyronine and lipid profile factors (P<0.05).Conclusion: This study concluded that there was no direct relationship between Triiodothyronine levels and serum lipid profile in the examined cows.
Biochemistry
Elham Jafarpour; Habib olah Nazem; Elham Bahreini; Zolfaghar Lotfi
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disorder characterized by the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in hepatocytes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oleate (a monounsaturated fatty acid), palmitate (a saturated fatty acid), and their combination on fat accumulation, ...
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disorder characterized by the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in hepatocytes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oleate (a monounsaturated fatty acid), palmitate (a saturated fatty acid), and their combination on fat accumulation, lipid profile, and the establishment of a NAFLD cell model using the HepG2 cell line. The IC50 values of each fatty acid were determined using the MTT assay. Lipid droplet content was assessed by Oil Red O staining, microscopy, and semi-quantitative analysis. Levels of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (Ch), and HDL were measured using Pars Azmun commercial kits, and data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism software. Results showed that palmitate treatment significantly increased LD accumulation and levels of TG, Ch, and HDL (41.1±1.2, 6.3±0.3, and 0.33±0.4, respectively) compared to the control group (17.5±1.2, 3.5±0.7, and 0.27±0.4, respectively). The combination of palmitate and oleate further elevated lipid droplet accumulation and levels of TG and Ch (43.5±1.5 and 6.1±0.9, respectively). Contrary to previous studies, oleate did not exhibit a protective effect in this study and instead appeared to exacerbate palmitate-induced damage. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying the combined effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in NAFLD progression.
animal biosystematic
Elham Mirahmadi; Mohammad Saeed Heydarnejad; Iraj Hashemzadeh; Narges Tabatabaee
Abstract
There are more than 200 species of freshwater fish in Iran. In addition to the ability to identify fish, scales are the only available samples in cases such as checking food rations or checking historical biodiversity in aquatic environments. In this regard, in this research, with the aim of preparing ...
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There are more than 200 species of freshwater fish in Iran. In addition to the ability to identify fish, scales are the only available samples in cases such as checking food rations or checking historical biodiversity in aquatic environments. In this regard, in this research, with the aim of preparing the basic data of the scales in the genera Capoeta and LucioBarbus, samples including ten species were prepared from the Tigris, Karun, Ker, Namak and Caspian basins.In order to check the prepared samples, 10 to 15 scales were prepared from the areas of the cap, under the dorsal fin and on the caudal stem, and after treatment in 5% potassium solution and fixation on the slide using a microscope and a loupe equipped with a camera. became The landmarking operation and investigation were carried out using the detection function analysis and principal component analysis methods, respectively, using TpsDig and PAST software.Based on the obtained results, it was found that the scales have gender-specific appearance differences, the caudal stem scales separated the species more accurately. Examining the geometric shape using landmarks was the best for separations at the genus level. Among the examined species, LucioBarbus braczcephalus, LucioBarbus capito and Capoetasaadi were distinguished from other species with the highest accuracy.
Veterinary
Seyed Hossein Alborzi Dareh Riya; Seyedeh Zeinab Peighambarzadeh; Omolbanin Ghasemian
Abstract
Introduction: Assessing inflammatory factors can be effective in identifying reproductive disorders and inflammation-related diseases following parturition. Given the critical role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in regulating immune responses during pregnancy and delivery, this study aimed to investigate ...
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Introduction: Assessing inflammatory factors can be effective in identifying reproductive disorders and inflammation-related diseases following parturition. Given the critical role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in regulating immune responses during pregnancy and delivery, this study aimed to investigate changes in the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α in dairy cows during the pre- and postpartum periods.
Method: The present study was a clinical trial conducted over a three‑month period in March 2023 on 20 Holstein dairy cows at the 4,000‑head industrial dairy farm of Negin Fam Khuzestan. Samples were selected by convenience sampling. To compare and evaluate the inflammatory factors interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and tumor necrosis factor‑alpha (TNF‑α), initial blood samples were collected two weeks before and after calving, based on the annual average calving rate. A paired t‑test was used for data analysis.
Results: The mean IL-6 concentrations before and after parturition were 313.66±94.07 and 251.92±76.23, respectively. The mean TNF-α concentrations before and after parturition were 84.63±8.02 and 72.61±9.93, respectively. The changes in IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher before parturition compared to after (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher before delivery compared to the postpartum period, and gradually decreased within 2 to 3 weeks after childbirth. These findings indicate that labor is associated with a systemic inflammatory response which subsides over time as the immune system progressively returns to a stable state. Therefore, the observed changes in cytokine levels may serve as useful indicators for assessing maternal immune status during the postpartum period and highlight the importance of immune regulation in this critical phase.
animal biosystematic
Masoud Yousefi
Abstract
Iran has a considerable insect biodiversity. Among them, dragonflies (Order Odonata), with more than 100 species, are one of the least-studied animal groups in the country, and their populations are declining due to environmental pollution, climate change, land-use changes, and habitat destruction. Therefore, ...
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Iran has a considerable insect biodiversity. Among them, dragonflies (Order Odonata), with more than 100 species, are one of the least-studied animal groups in the country, and their populations are declining due to environmental pollution, climate change, land-use changes, and habitat destruction. Therefore, understanding their distribution patterns and habitat suitability can be an effective step in identifying priority areas for their conservation. In the present study, the habitat suitability of the narrow-winged dragonfly (Orthetrum sabina) in Iran was modeled, and the most important factors affecting its distribution were identified. Additionally, the area of suitable habitats for the species in freshwater ecoregions was determined. Based on the habitat suitability model, the northern strip of the Alborz Mountains and southwestern Iran have the largest extent of suitable habitats for the species. Central and eastern regions of the country have the lowest habitat suitability at the national scale. Elevation, normalized vegetation index, human footprint index, and precipitation during the hottest season of the year were identified as the most influential environmental factors on the species’ habitat suitability. The Upper Tigris & Euphrates and Kura–South Caspian Drainages ecoregions, with 17,034 km² and 16,423 km² of suitable habitat respectively, contain the largest areas of suitable habitats for the species, indicating high conservation priority.
