Animal physiology
Shaker Khazia Hoveidi Al-Hamdawi; maryam rafieirad; Zahra Shaibani
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, with hepatic glucose uptake primarily mediated by the GLUT2 transporter.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of E. prostrata extract on lipid profile, insulin levels, and GLUT2 gene expression in diabetic ...
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, with hepatic glucose uptake primarily mediated by the GLUT2 transporter.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of E. prostrata extract on lipid profile, insulin levels, and GLUT2 gene expression in diabetic rats.
Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: healthy control, diabetic control, and three experimental groups receiving 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of the extract for 28 days. Blood samples were collected for glucose and lipid measurements, and hepatic GLUT2 expression was analyzed by PCR. Data were analyzed using ANOVA.
Results: E. prostrata extract significantly decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL, while increasing HDL. GLUT2 gene expression in liver tissue was also modulated.
Conclusion: E. prostrata may be effective in diabetes management, likely through activation of cellular signaling pathways and upregulation of glucose transporter genes. Further studies are needed to clarify its precise mechanisms and the clinical potential of its flavonoids.
Biochemistry
Jaber Hashemzadeh; Reza Hajihosseini; Sedaghat Shahmorad Moganlu
Abstract
Introduction: Hypoxia can cause aberrant expression of transcription factors and genes, resulting in which leads to abnormal biological functions such as altered energy pathways in cancer cells. The Krebs cycle in glucose metabolism is an important part of this phenomenon, which can lead to increased ...
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Introduction: Hypoxia can cause aberrant expression of transcription factors and genes, resulting in which leads to abnormal biological functions such as altered energy pathways in cancer cells. The Krebs cycle in glucose metabolism is an important part of this phenomenon, which can lead to increased invasion and metastasis of cancer cells by changes in the expression of metabolites and enzymes involved in this pathway, including the accumulation of some metabolites such as succinate, as well as changes in the composition of the tumor microenvironment, which under hypoxic conditions, changes in the expression levels of metabolites and enzymes involved in this pathway, including the accumulation of some metabolites such as succinate, as well as changes in the composition of the tumor microenvironment, can lead to increased invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. The present study was conducted for the first time using computational modeling, aiming to investigate the effects of hypoxia (HIF-1) on the functional expression levels of all enzymes and metabolites involved in the Krebs cycle. Consequently, it is essential to determine the precise mechanism and investigate the effect of changes in oxygen concentration on the Krebs cycle, which act in conjunction with each other.
Method: In this study, for the first time, using computational modeling, the effects of hypoxia (HIF-1) on the functional expression levels of all enzymes and metabolites involved in the Krebs cycle have been investigated. For this purpose, a system of equations consisting of 16 equations was designed that relates all components of the Krebs cycle to each other and to hypoxia. The main objective The main goal of the present study is to establish a quantitative relationship between the severity of hypoxia and the levels of intracellular metabolites and identify key regulators of the Krebs cycle, as well as to identify key regulators of the Krebs cycle. In fact, our goal is to quantify the effect of changes in oxygen concentration on the Krebs cycle in the production of succinate inside the cell from a molecular systems biology perspective. Also, the oxygen reduction in the proposed model predicted that the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase may play the most important role in regulating the Krebs cycle.
Result: The results of the study indicate a direct relationship between the severity of hypoxia and increased succinate production, as an important factor driving metastasis. Consequently, based on a sensitivity analysis study, Our proposed model predicts that the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme probably plays the most important role in regulating the Krebs cycle under hypoxia conditions.
Fisheries
Mojtaba Naderi; Zarareh Rostaminejad; Fatemeh Pishehvarzad
Abstract
Solen dactylus inhabits on sandy–muddy beaches which is distributed throughout the coast of the northern Persian Gulf. The aim of this study is investigate effect of different habitats on proximate composition of S. dactylus. For this purpose, 20 oyster were collected from Bandar Abbas and Sirik ...
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Solen dactylus inhabits on sandy–muddy beaches which is distributed throughout the coast of the northern Persian Gulf. The aim of this study is investigate effect of different habitats on proximate composition of S. dactylus. For this purpose, 20 oyster were collected from Bandar Abbas and Sirik city. 16 different types of amino acids were identified. The highest levels of essential and non-essential amino acids were lysine and glutamine in Sirik, arginine and glutamine in Bandar Abbas. Also, 30 different types of fatty acids were identified. The most and least saturated fatty acids abundant identified were palmitic acid and henicosilicic acid in Sirik samples, palmitic acid and pentadecylic acid in Bandar Abbas samples. Regarding monounsaturated fatty acids, the most and least fatty acids abundant were cis-oleic acid and gadolinic acid in samples collected from Sirik, cis-oleic acid and cis-10-pentadecylic acid in Bandar Abbas samples. Docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid were identified as the highest and lowest polyunsaturated fatty acids in the samples collected in Sirik, docosahexaenoic acid and tert-linoleic acid were identified as the highest and lowest polyunsaturated fatty acids in the samples collected in Bandar Abbas. The results showed that the moisture, protein and ash content in samples collected from soil (medium sand classified) in the Sirik region were significantly higher than those in the samples collected from soil (fine sand classified) in Bandar Abbas (P<0.5). Based on the results obtained, S. dactylus is a good source of amino acids and fatty acids.
Mostafa Jahani; Jalil Sarhangzadeh; Mohammad Hosein Irannejad parizi; Hamid Sodaeizadeh; Mahdi Zare khormizi
Abstract
Kamki Wildlife Refuge is located in Behabad city, Yazd Province, covering an area of 64,700 ha. The present study was conducted to assess the population dynamics of wild sheep (Ovis orientalis) in the Kamki Wildlife Refuge and predict future population changes. Wild sheep observations from 2014 to 2023 ...
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Kamki Wildlife Refuge is located in Behabad city, Yazd Province, covering an area of 64,700 ha. The present study was conducted to assess the population dynamics of wild sheep (Ovis orientalis) in the Kamki Wildlife Refuge and predict future population changes. Wild sheep observations from 2014 to 2023 were extracted from census records. Based on topographic features, habitat type, species distribution, habitat protection level and road access, the research area was split into three sections: Klut Bandari (b1), Kamki mountain (b2), and Bijahan mountain (b3). The data was then analyzed with SPSS software. Additionally, Additionally, Vortex software was used to evaluate population viability, simulate, future trends, and predict survival, extinction, and population changes probabilities over a 100-years period. The results showed that 2,536 wild sheep were recorded in Kamki Wildlife Refuge between 2014 and 2023. Population density varied across the blocks: Block 1: 0.0451 head ha-1 (34.5% of the population), block 2: 0.0210 head ha-1 (23.74%), block 3: 0.0633 head ha-1 (41.76%). The overall density across the refuge was 0.0392 head ha-1. Among the observed rams: 13.53% were immature, 36.59% were unknown age, and 49.88% were mature. Within the mature populations, 11.28% were males over five years old, 12.93% were males under five years old, and 25.67% were females. The sex ratio (males to females) was 100:106, with females outnumbering males in all studied years. The population growth rate was 1.5333, indicating a positive growth rate. Projections for the next 100 years showed that, under all scenarios, the probability of survival would exceed 80%, while the probability of extinction would remain below 20%.
animal biosystematic
Milad Zafari Dehkohneh; Mohammad Saeed Heydarnejad
Abstract
This research focused on examining various environmental factors affecting the distributions of aquatic beetles in Ardal, the city and capital of Ardal County, located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. More than 30,000 species of freshwater insects have been recognized. Aquatic beetles, referred ...
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This research focused on examining various environmental factors affecting the distributions of aquatic beetles in Ardal, the city and capital of Ardal County, located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. More than 30,000 species of freshwater insects have been recognized. Aquatic beetles, referred to as aquatic Coleoptera, are among the most prevalent aquatic insects, with over 13,000 species documented. The sampling was conducted seasonally over a year at 17 sites in the Ardal area using a specific sampling net, and ecological parameters like water temperature (WT), salinity (S), dissolved oxygen (DS), and water pH were assessed. Data were examined using linear regression as well as Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The findings indicated that the gathered samples were from 16 species, 12 genera, and 5 families (Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Hydrophilidae, Dryopidae, and Helophoridae). The Dytiscidae family has the greatest species diversity, and the Helophoridae family has the least. The most numerous specimens collected were two species called Agabus bipustulatus and Laccobius bipunctatus. The biplots from linear regression and CCA (canonical correlation analysis) indicated that WT (correlation coefficient 1.846) exerted the most significant influence on species count had the greatest impact on the number of species. Subsequently, DO (correlation coefficient 1.121), S (correlation coefficient 0.930), and pH (correlation coefficient 0.810) exhibited the most Significant impacts. The results of this study suggest that the ecological elements influencing the population of water beetles are: WT > DO > S > pH.
animal biosystematic
Mehran Saljoghi; Mohsen Dehghani Ghantghestani; Saber Ghasemi; Bahman Shams Esfandabad
Abstract
Protected areas are considered to be the basic strategies for the sustainable protection of biodiversity, the primary mechanism for maintaining biodiversity and a very important tool for maintaining the integrity of habitats. In recent years, systematic conservation planning approach has been developed. ...
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Protected areas are considered to be the basic strategies for the sustainable protection of biodiversity, the primary mechanism for maintaining biodiversity and a very important tool for maintaining the integrity of habitats. In recent years, systematic conservation planning approach has been developed. In this study, after determining the habitat variables affecting the habitat of the focal species of wild goat (Capra aegagrus) in Hormozgan province, the Biomod2 package was used to prepare habitat suitability maps. Then the communication design was performed with Circuitscape software and the electric circuit theory method was used to identify and investigate the habitat connections and migration corridors of the target species. In order to identify new protected areas, gap analysis was also applied. The results show that GBM, GLM, MaxEnt, MARS and GAM models are at a similar level to the best model in predicting wild goat distribution. The results of wild goat desirability model showed that the western, central and northern parts of the province have the highest probability of presence of the species and the southern and eastern parts have the lowest desirability for this species. According to Gap analysis, it seems that in addition to the expansion of Tarem and Hamag protected areas, Hormed protected areas to the south and north and Parzoiyeh to the southwest are also suitable for expanding the protection network of Hormozgan province.The development of the network of protected areas is considered a suitable solution for the protection of biodiversity.
