نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناس ارزیابی و آمایش سرزمین، دانشکده محیط زیست، سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، کرج، ایران
2 استادیار، دانشکده محیط زیست، سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست، کرج، ایران
3 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
4 دانشیار، دانشکده شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
چکیده
امروزه تقابل انسان و حیات وحش از چالش‌های مهم در حفاظت از تنوع زیستی قلمداد می‌شود. افزایش این تعارض‌ها موجب افزایش نگرش منفی توسط مردم محلی نسبت به حیات وحش شده که پی‌آمد آن افزایش قابل توجه شکار غیرقانونی این دسته از گونه‌ها به‌ویژه در مناطقی که تراکم بالای جمعیت انسانی و حیات وحش دارد، شده است. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین مهم‌ترین محدوده‌های تعارض‌های خرس قهوه‌ای با انسان و دارایی‌های انسان در استان مازندران و همچنین شناسایی توزیع مناطق با خطر بالقوه بالای حملات این گونه جهت مدیریت تعارض‌ها و تقابل این گونه و مردم محلی مناطق کوهستانی در این استان به انجام رسید. داده‌های تعارض از طریق پرسشنامه و بررسی‌های میدانی جمع‌آوری شد. متغیرهای مورد استفاده در مدل‌سازی شامل ترکیبی از متغیرهای زیستگاهی و انسانی بوده است. در این مطالعه 150حمله از خرس‌های قهوه‌ای به انسان و دارایی‌های انسان ثبت شد که شامل 16 حمله به انسان، 67 حمله به باغ‌های میوه، 19 حمله به دام‌های اهلی و 48 مورد تخریب کندوهای زنبور عسل بوده است. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که بیشترین تعارض‌ها در فصل بهار و پاییز صورت گرفته است. همچنین نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که مهم‌ترین عوامل در بروز تعارض‌ها متغیرهای ارتفاع از سطح دریا، فاصله تا روستا و وجود باغ‌های میوه بوده است. بیشترین تعارض‌ها با انسان و سرمایه‌های انسانی در گستره 150 تا 3000 متر بروز می‌کند. از سوی دیگر وجود باغات میوه در اطراف روستاها عامل معناداری در جذب خرس‌ها شناسائی شد.
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