نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
2 گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
10.30473/eab.2024.67230.1904
چکیده
هرچند خرس قهوه‌ای (Ursus arctos) در طبقه‌بندی اتحادیه جهانی حفاظت از طبیعت و منابع طبیعی در طبقه کم‌ترین نگرانی قرار دارد، اما جمعیت و دامنه انتشار آن به‌عنوان بزرگ‌جثه‌ترین گوشت‌خوار کشور، کاهش یافته و حفاظت از زیستگاه‌های آن، حائز اهمیت است. در این پژوهش، مطلوبیت زیستگاه خرس قهوه‌ای در ذخیره‌گاه زیست‌کره ارسباران (یکی از مهم‌ترین زیستگاه‌های گونه در شمال‌غربی کشور) با استفاده از تحلیل عامل آشیان اکولوژیکی و نقاط حضور گونه بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که ۶/۲۳ درصد (۲۰۲۴۵ هکتار) از وسعت ذخیره‌گاه زیست‌کره ارسباران، زیستگاه مطلوبی برای خرس قهوه‌ای است. هم‌چنین، براساس نقشه مطلوبیت زیستگاه، خرس قهوه‌ای بیش‌تر در ارتفاع ۹۰0 تا ۲۴00 متر از سطح دریا و شیب ۳۰ تا ۷۰ درصد حضور دارد. به‌علاوه متغیرهای مناطق جنگلی با تاج پوشش 100-75 درصد، مناطق با اقلیم نیمه‌مرطوب، مناطق با ارتفاع 2000-1500 متر از سطح دریا، دامنه‌های شمالی، مناطق با شیب 70-45 درصد، مناطق با اقلیم مرطوب، رودخانه‌های دایمی، مناطق جنگلی با تاج پوشش 75-50 درصد بیش‌ترین تأثیر مثبت را در انتخاب زیستگاه گونه دارند. زیستگاه‌های بسیار مطلوب خرس قهوه‌ای در مناطق اسکلو، مکیدی، هجراندوست، علی‌آباد، ناپشته، بالاسنگ، ایلانکش، عباس‌آباد و خریل قرار دارند. جلوگیری از توسعه گردشگری در محدوده زیستگاه‌های مطلوب خرس قهوه‌ای و انجام مطالعات تکمیلی تعیین کریدورهای جابه‌جایی خرس قهوه‌ای به مناطق همجوار از پیشنهادات این پژوهش است.
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