Development
Faeze Zarean; Somayeh Arabzadeh; Sarah Rajabi; Saeideh Erfanian; Mahmood Talkhabi
Abstract
Bone is the hardest and one of the most important tissues in the body. In case of bone damage, the current treatments do not completely repair and regenerate the bone. For this reason, cell-based tissue engineering strategies, especially Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), have received attention. MSCs have ...
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Bone is the hardest and one of the most important tissues in the body. In case of bone damage, the current treatments do not completely repair and regenerate the bone. For this reason, cell-based tissue engineering strategies, especially Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), have received attention. MSCs have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into different cell types, including bone cells, cartilage cells, and fat cells, among others. They are found in various tissues throughout the body, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord tissue. Today, MSCs are a valuable resource for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. In addition to the cells, scaffolds are another essential element of tissue engineering. One of these scaffolds is decellularized tissue-derived hydrogels, which are three-dimensional network of hydrophilic polymer chains that can absorb and retain a significant amount of water. In tissue engineering, they mimic the natural extracellular matrix of tissues, providing a suitable environment for cells to attach, proliferate, and differentiate. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effects of decellularized skeletal muscle-derived hydrogel, known as Myogel, on bone marrow-derived MSCs biological behaviors, including proliferation, viability and migration. In this study, MSCs were isolated from tibia and femur of adult Wistar rats. MSCs were cultured in a complete medium (a-MEM containing 15% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Pen/Strep)). The identity of cells was determined by morphology (using inverted microscope) and expression of specific CD markers (using Flowcytometry). Skeletal muscle was decellularized and accuracy of decellularization was evaluated using special staining. Then Myogel was prepared from digested decellularized skeletal muscle. Here, Myogel substrate was used as the control group, gelatin substrate as the positive control, and un-coated plates as the negative control. The effect of Myogel on survival (MTT method), proliferation (drawing the growth curve and calculating the doubling time of the cell population), cell cycle profile (flow cytometry method), and cell migration (scratch method) were investigated. The MTT test showed that the survival of MSCs in Myogel substrate with a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml was higher than the survival of MSCs in gelatin substrate with a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml and the survival of MSCs in gelatin was higher than the survival of control MSCs. Myogel substrate increased the proliferation and migration of cells and decreased the doubling time of MSCs population. Examining the cell cycle profile showed that a high percentage of cells cultured on Myogel were in the G1 and S phase of the cell cycle, indicating an increase in cell division speed by gelatin and, in the next degree, by Myogel. Therefore, Myogel can be used as a suitable substrate to increase the proliferative and migratory potential of MSCs, which are an important factor in tissue engineering.
Animal physiology
Nabiallah Salari; Yadollah Badakhshan; Rohallah Mirmahmoudi; Jamil Bahrampour; Arsalan Barazandeh
Abstract
Tryptophan is 3 th essential amino acid for the body. Also an important substrate for essential hormones such as serotonin and melatonin. This amino acid is metabolized in two ways in the body 1- Kynurunine pathway and 2- serotonin pathway. Tryptophan entry to These metabolizing pathways is five percent ...
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Tryptophan is 3 th essential amino acid for the body. Also an important substrate for essential hormones such as serotonin and melatonin. This amino acid is metabolized in two ways in the body 1- Kynurunine pathway and 2- serotonin pathway. Tryptophan entry to These metabolizing pathways is five percent for serotonin production and ninety and five percent for kynurenine production. This experiment was performed to evaluate the Effect of intraperitoneal injection of the L-tryptophan on feed intake, rectal temperature, and some blood biochemical metabolites of the Kermani sheep breed. 20 eight-month-old lambs grouped in 10 males and 10 females in a factorial design. Lambs were divided into control groups (saline intraperitoneal injection) and treatment groups (intraperitoneal injection with 50 mg tryptophan amino acid/kg body weight ). The Control group of each gender was injected only with physiological serum intraperitoneally .immediately after injection, the feed was offered to them and cumulative feed intake was measured in 2 hours intervals for a four-hour duration. Feed was a total mixed ration consisting of 40 % concentrated and 60 % roughage. Heartbeat, respiration rate, and rectal temperature were measured every hour after amino acid or saline injection. This experiment showed that feed intake in tryptophan treatment was reduced compared to the control group, also female lambs had significantly lower cumulative feed intake (P<0.05). Heart rate decreased in males and tryptophan treatment (P<0.05). Tryptophan injection significantly reduced rectal temperature (P<0.05). Tryptophan injection did not show a significant effect on the serum concentrations of T3 and T4 hormones of lambs (P>0.05) but reduced the ratio of T3 to T4 (P<0.05). this means thyroxin converted to triiodothyronine more effectively in the group that received tryptophan amino acid. Levels of cortisol, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, creatine, and urea were not significantly different in the tryptophan-receiving lamb compared to the control group (P>0.05). Serum albumin concentration decreased in tryptophan-receiving lambs compared to the control group (P<0.05).blood Albumin level was decreased in tryptophan-injected lamb compared with the control group (P<0.05). According to the results of this experiment, reduction of heart rate and rectal temperature in tryptophan treatment, it could be concluded that tryptophan improves the condition of livestock under heat stress by affecting the mechanisms of coping with high ambient temperature. These mechanisms are related to heartbeat and respiration rate control centers that were affected by intraperitoneal injection of tryptophan amino acid. Tryptophan in route of intraperitoneal injection significantly reduced cumulative feed intake but this was compensated for some hours of post-injection.
genetics
Hanieyh Heydarzadeh; Vida Hojati; Farid Ebnerasuly
Abstract
Blood fat is a global and increasing problem in all countries, including Iran, and one of the most important threats to society's health. High blood fat as a multifactorial problem is under the influence of various factors, especially metabolic and genetic factors. The aim of this study is to investigate ...
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Blood fat is a global and increasing problem in all countries, including Iran, and one of the most important threats to society's health. High blood fat as a multifactorial problem is under the influence of various factors, especially metabolic and genetic factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the rs2016520 polymorphism in the PPARD gene and its relationship with the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Blood sampling from 137 people, including 83 Iranian women and 54 men, including 79 healthy people or controls (normal LDL) (57.7%) and 58 people with LDL above 130 (42.3%) in the age range of 18 to 60 years. It was done after obtaining consent. DNA was extracted by a ready kit. The concentration and quality of isolated DNA were measured by spectrophotometry and agarose gel. Genotypes were identified by PCR-RFLP method. 6% frequency of genotypes in the group with normal LDL: 3.8% for CC, 36.7% for CT and 59.5% for TT genotype and in the group with LDL higher than 130: 12.1% for CC, 37.9% for CT and it was 0.50% for TT genotype. The difference in the frequency of genotypes between the two groups with normal LDL and the group with LDL above 130 was not significant (p > 0.05). 2.56% of the samples had a BMI lower than 25 and 43.8% had a BMI higher than 25. The results of the present study did not show a significant relationship between rs2016520 polymorphism and LDL level.
animal biosystematic
Mina Azhari; Elham Ahmadi
Abstract
Freshwater snails are intermediate hosts of a large and important group of parasitic worms in medicine and veterinary medicine. In Iran, millions of rials of losses are caused by human Fascioliasis, which can be its intermediate hosts, the right-rounded snail Lymnaea palustris and the left-rounded snail ...
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Freshwater snails are intermediate hosts of a large and important group of parasitic worms in medicine and veterinary medicine. In Iran, millions of rials of losses are caused by human Fascioliasis, which can be its intermediate hosts, the right-rounded snail Lymnaea palustris and the left-rounded snail Physa acuta. To investigate the morphology of freshwater snails L. palustris and P. acuta from two families Lymnaeidae and Physidae, samples were collected during spring and summer from the west and south of Tehran province in 2021 and 2022. A total of 987 samples were collected and after being killed in boiling water, the samples were kept in 70% alcohol. In the laboratory, the radula of the samples were extracted and stained using Malery II and the dental formula, radula teeth and shell morphology were examined. In the species L. palustris, the central tooth is narrow and covered with a small cusp, the marginal teeth are poorly developed and have an irregular structure but in the species P. acuta, the central tooth has three main cusps and large marginal teeth. In terms of the difference in the shell of these two species, we can mention the length and the type of twisting, which in the adult species of L. palustris, their standard size is around 21 mm, but in the adult species of P. acuta, its standard size is It is about 15 mm. Also, a significant correlation was observed between the environmental factor of temperature and the population changes of the studied species.
Fisheries
Madat Balouch; Seraj Bita; Nazanin Ghorbani Ranjbari
Abstract
The present study was carried out with the aim of determining the biometric factors, length and weight relationship, frequency percentage of length and weight groups, and identification of food groups consumed in Alepes djedaba fish caught from the coast of Makkoran. For this purpose, 120 samples of ...
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The present study was carried out with the aim of determining the biometric factors, length and weight relationship, frequency percentage of length and weight groups, and identification of food groups consumed in Alepes djedaba fish caught from the coast of Makkoran. For this purpose, 120 samples of Alepes djedaba were collected from the three catchment areas of Ramin, Haft Tir and Tis in Makkoran coast located in Sistan and Baluochistan province seasonally from autumn 2019 to summer 2020. The prepared fishes were caught by traditional fishing boats. After the fishes were prepared and transferred to the laboratory, the biometric characteristics, including the total length and body weight, were measured and the pattern of growth was determined. In the next step, in order to identify the food items, the contents of the digestive system were separated and identified. The results of the present study showed that the Alepes djedaba caught in the Makkoran coast in different seasons have different length and weight ranges. The average total length and weight of the fish were 28.00±4.68 cm and 311.18±12.00 gr, respectively. Based on the results, the value of b in the length-weight relationship to determine the growth pattern did not show a significant difference with the number 3 (p>0.05), which indicates isometric growth in this species. Food items identified in the stomach contents of this species included fish and crustaceans. According to the food items identified in the digestive system of the studied fish, it seems that this species is an advanced predator that is at the top of the food chain. Therefore, despite the differences in the composition of the population of food items in each environment, this fish feeds on a relatively constant diet including various types of fish and small crustaceans. From the obtained results, it can be stated that this species is carnivorous and its growth is isometric, and in different seasons of the year, different length and weight groups of this fish are caught in the Makkoran coast.
Veterinary
Sheida Sadat Zonoori; Mohammad Fazilati; Hossein Salavati
Abstract
Today, Spirulina micro-algae is cultivated in many countries as a rich source of protein, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. In this study, the effect of replacing spirulina microalgae powder with different amounts of industrial vitamin-mineral premix was compared as an additive ...
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Today, Spirulina micro-algae is cultivated in many countries as a rich source of protein, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. In this study, the effect of replacing spirulina microalgae powder with different amounts of industrial vitamin-mineral premix was compared as an additive to stimulate the growth performance of broiler chickens. 200 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly selected among 3000 chickens and divided into five treatments at Mehrgan Jihad Agricultural Research Center in Kermanshah province The diet of the first group, which was considered as a control treatment, includes (100% industrial supplement and no spirulina), the first treatment T1(25% spirulina and 75% industrial supplement), the second treatment T2 (50% spirulina and 50% industrial supplement), The third treatment T3 (75% spirulina and 25% industrial supplement) and the fourth treatment T4 (100% spirulina) were used. After 42 days, there was no mortality in the treatments, in the T1, T2 and T4 treatments, live weight significantly (P<0.05) increased compared to the control group, and the amount of feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the T2 treatment decreased significantly. Therefore, T2 showed the best performance Then the biochemical parameters of blood serum in T2 were checked, which showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in glucose, total protein and albumin, HDL and LDL and a decrease in triglyceride and cholestrol levels. Based on findings, it is concluded that by replacing 50% of the industrial vitamin-mineral supplement with spirulina powder, the growth performance, feed conversion ratio and blood parameters in broilers can be improved.
Microbiology
Reza Yadi; Fatemeh Haghshenas Gatabi; Naeimeh Dehghani; Hamed Daneshpazhouh
Abstract
Introduction: Due to increasing resistance of pathogenetic bacteria to the new antibiotics, the researchers are seeking of finding the antimicrobial materials with herbal origins as the replacement of ineffective antibiotics. The aim of doing of this study is evalution of the antibacterial effect of ...
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Introduction: Due to increasing resistance of pathogenetic bacteria to the new antibiotics, the researchers are seeking of finding the antimicrobial materials with herbal origins as the replacement of ineffective antibiotics. The aim of doing of this study is evalution of the antibacterial effect of hydro alcoholic extraction of the plant of thymus daensis on the bacteria of shigella flexneri, Yersinia enterocolitica and streptococcus salivarius.
Investigation method: in this practical study, the plant of thymus daensis were collected and the extraction of plant were prepared by the method of maceration and the antimicrobial effects of these plant in the amounts of 0.65, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/l were prepared by using the method of transmission on disk on the bacteria of shigella flexneri, Yersinia enterocolitica and Streptococcus salivarius compared with the antibiotics of Penicillin, Gentamicin, Tetracycline and Vancomycin and drop of halo of lack of growth was measured. Also the minimum concentration of restraining of growth (MIC) and the minimum concentration of lethalithy (MBC) of extractions against three concerned bacteria were determined.
Results: The obtained results showed that the extraction of thymus daensis on streptococcus salivarius in the concentration of 10mg/l had the most effect and the drop of halo of lack of growth were respectively measured as 20.83, 20.33, 19. Also this extractions didn’t have any effect on the bacterium of Yersinia for mutuol effect of antibiotic in bacterium the maximum drop of halo of lack of growth for antibiotic of Tetracycline and bacterium of Streptococcus salivarius was achived but in the mutual effect of antibiotic of Vancomycin and the bacterium of Yersinia any halo wasn’t composed. The amount of mic related to thymus daensis on the bacteria of Streptococcus salivarius and Shigella flexneri showed a similar amount the equals to 0.65 mg/l and the amount of mic related to thymus daensis on the bacterium of Yersinia enterocolitica was achieved equals to1.25 mg/l. the amount of mbc component for the plant of Thymus daensis on the bacteria of Yersinia and Shigella was achived equals to 2.5 mg/l and for bacteria of Streptococcus salivarius was achived equals to 1.25 mg/l .
Conclusion: There for, the hydro-alcoholic extraction of thymus daensis has an inhibitory effect, this extractions showed more effect on the bacterium of Streptococcus than two bacteria Yersinia and Shigella.
