با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن فیزیولوژی و فارماکولوژی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ‏ایران

2 استادیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

کنه تارتن دولکه‌ای Tetranychus urticae (Acari:Tetranychidae)، از مهم‌ترین آفات محصولات کشاورزی می‌باشد که دارای زادآوری بالا و توانایی ایجاد مقاومت به آفت­کش­های آلی را دارد. با توجه به افزایش آلودگی محیط زیست در اثر مصرف آفت­کش­های شیمیایی، کاربرد عصاره­های گیاهی به‌دلیل تأثیر حشره­کشی و کنه­کشی به­عنوان روشی جایگزین علیه کنه‌های آفت مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. این پژوهش برای تعیین ترکیبات شیمیایی عصاره میوه خیار تلخ و بررسی سمیت عصاره­های هگزانی و اتانولی آن روی بالغین کنه تارتن دولکه‌ای به‌صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی در چهار تکرار همراه با شاهد به روش‌های سمیت تنفسی و تماسی و اثر دورکنندگی انجام شد. بعد از 24 ساعت مرگ‌ومیر کنه­ها بررسی شد. نتایج زیست­سنجی­ها نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت عصاره­های خیار تلخ میزان مرگ‌ومیر کنه تارتن دولکه‌ای و اثر دورکنندگی افزایش یافت. عصاره هگزانی خیار تلخ در غلظت 1000 میکروگرم بر سانتی‌مترمربع بیش‌ترین تلفات (56/75 درصد) را در سمیت تماسی داشت. عصاره اتانولی خیار تلخ در غلظت 1000 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا در کنه تارتن دولکه‌ای بیش‌ترین تلفات (89/79 درصد) را در سمیت تنفسی داشت. اثر دورکنندگی پنج ساعت بعد از کاربرد عصاره اتانولی خیار تلخ، با افزایش غلظت از 200 میکرولیتر، به میزان 80 درصد افزایش یافت. در عصاره میوه خیار تلخ 16 ترکیب مختلف شناسایی شد و مونوترپنوئیدهای لینالول­اکسید، لیمونن اکسید و 8- هیدروکسی­لینالول بیش‌ترین مقدار را داشتند. بنابراین می­توان عصاره اتانولی خیار تلخ را در غلظت­های بالا به‌دلیل داشتن مونوترپنوئیدها برای محافظت گیاهان به­ویژه محصولات زراعی در برابر کنه تارتن دولکه‌ای توصیه کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

Abbott, W. S. (1925). A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology; 18(1): 265-266.
Adesanya, A. W.; Lavine, M. D.; Moural, T. W.; Lavine, L. C.; Zhu, F.; & Walsh, D.B. (2021). Mechanisms and management of acaricide resistance for Tetranychus urticae in agroecosystems. Journal of Pest Science; 94(3): 639-663.
Ahmed, M.; Peiwen, Q.; Gu, Z.; Liu, Y.; Sikandar, A.; Hussain D. et al. (2020). Insecticidal activity and biochemical composition of Citrullus colocynthis, Cannabis indica and Artemisia argyi extracts against cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.). Scientific Reports; 10: 522.
Beynaghi, S.; Kheradmand, K.; Asgari, S.; & Sheikhi Garjan, A. (2015). Sublethal Effects of Cuminum cyminum and Eugenia caryophyllata essential oils on two–spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology; 82(2): 81-90. (in Persian).
El-Khayat, E.F.; Rady, G.H.; Abdel-Zahar, T.R.; Omar, M.O.; & Kalmosh, F.S. (2014). Repellency and toxicity effect of some leaf extracts of Aloe vera L. against adult females of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Global Journal of Environmental Sciences and Toxicology; 1: 145-155.
Farahani, S.; Bandani, A.R.; & Amiri, A. (2020). Toxicity and repellency effects of three essential oils on two populations of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Persian Journal of Acarology; 9(1): 67-81.
Ileke, K.D.; & Ogungbite, O.C. (2014). Entomocidal activity of powders and extracts of four medicinal plants against Sitophilus oryzae (L), Oryzaephilus mercator (Faur) and Ryzopertha dominica (Fabr.). Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences; 7(1): 57-62.
Kaveh, M.; Poorjavad, N.; & Khajehal, J. (2014). Evaluation of contact toxicity of ten essential oils from Lamiaceae plants against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Plant Pest Research; 4(3): 39-49. (in Persian).
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Mozaffari, F.; Abbasipour, H.; Sheikhi Garjan, A.; Saboori, A.R.; & Mahmoudvand, M. (2012). Various effects of ethanol extract of Mentha pulegium on the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) (Tetranychidae). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection; 45(11): 1347-1355. (in Persian).
Negahban, M.; Moharramipour, S.; & Sefidkon, F. (2007). Fumigant toxicity of essential oil from Artemisia sieberi Besser against three stored-product insects. Journal of Stored Products Research; 43: 123-128.
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Rahman, M.M.; & Schmidt, G.H. (1999). Effect of Acorus calamus (Aceraceae) essential oil vaporous from various origins on Callosobruchus phaseoli (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Stored Products Research; 35: 285-295.
Reichert, W.; Ejercito, J.; Guda, T.; Dong, X.; Wu, Q.; Ray, A. et al. (2019). Repellency assessment of Nepeta cataria essential oils and isolated Nepetalactones on Aedes aegypti. Scientific reports; 9(1): 1524.
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Wang, Z., Cang, T., Wu, S., Wang, X., Qi, P., Wang, X. & Zhao, X. (2018). Screening for suitable chemical acaricides against two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae, on greenhouse strawberries in China. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety; 163: 63-68.
Wardhani, T.; Abadi, A.L.; Himawan, T.; & Am, A. (2015). Composition of water extract from wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) fruit for application as antifeedant and mortality test on armyworm larvae (Spodoptera litura Fab.). Journal of Biology and Life Science; 6(2): 172-192.
Abbott, W. S. (1925). A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology; 18(1): 265-266.
Adesanya, A. W.; Lavine, M. D.; Moural, T. W.; Lavine, L. C.; Zhu, F.; & Walsh, D. B. (2021). Mechanisms and management of acaricide resistance for Tetranychus urticae in agroecosystems. Journal of Pest Science; 94(3): 639-663.
Ahmed, M.; Peiwen, Q.; Gu, Z.; Liu, Y.; Sikandar, A.; Hussain D. et al. (2020). Insecticidal activity and biochemical composition of Citrullus colocynthis, Cannabis indica and Artemisia argyi extracts against cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.). Scientific Reports; 10: 522.
Beynaghi, S.; Kheradmand, K.; Asgari, S.; & Sheikhi Garjan, A. (2015). Sublethal Effects of Cuminum cyminum and Eugenia caryophyllata essential oils on two–spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology; 82(2): 81-90. (in Persian).
El-Khayat, E.F.; Rady, G.H.; Abdel-Zahar, T.R.; Omar, M.O.; & Kalmosh, F.S. (2014). Repellency and toxicity effect of some leaf extracts of Aloe vera L. against adult females of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Global Journal of Environmental Sciences and Toxicology; 1: 145-155.
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Ileke, K.D.; & Ogungbite, O.C. (2014). Entomocidal activity of powders and extracts of four medicinal plants against Sitophilus oryzae (L), Oryzaephilus mercator (Faur) and Ryzopertha dominica (Fabr.). Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences; 7(1): 57-62.
Kaveh, M.; Poorjavad, N.; & Khajehal, J. (2014). Evaluation of contact toxicity of ten essential oils from Lamiaceae plants against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Plant Pest Research; 4(3): 39-49. (in Persian).
Kumar, S. R.; Ashish, J.; & Satish, N. (2011). Momordica charantia Linn: A mini review. International Journal of Biomedical Researc; 2(11): 579-587.
Le Goff, G.; Mailleux, A. C.; Detrain, C.; Deneubourg, J. L.; Clotuche, G.; & Hance, T. (2009). Spatial distribution and inbreeding in Tetranychus urticae. Comptes Rendus Biologies; 332(10): 927-933.
Mosavi, S. GH.; Abravan, P.; & Bandani A.R. (2014). Acaricidal effect of Eucalyptus comondulensis and Conocarpus erectus leaf extracts on Tetranychus urticae; The First National Conference on Stable Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian).
Mozaffari, F.; Abbasipour, H.; Sheikhi Garjan, A.; Saboori, A.R.; & Mahmoudvand, M. (2012). Various effects of ethanol extract of Mentha pulegium on the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) (Tetranychidae). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection; 45(11): 1347-1355. (in Persian).
Negahban, M.; Moharramipour, S.; & Sefidkon, F. (2007). Fumigant toxicity of essential oil from Artemisia sieberi Besser against three stored-product insects. Journal of Stored Products Research; 43: 123-128.
Ngegba, P. M.; Cui, G.; Khalid, M. Z. & Zhong, G. (2022). Use of Botanical Pesticides in Agriculture as an Alternative to Synthetic Pesticides. Agriculture; 12(5): 600.
Obembe, O.M.; & Ojo, D.O. (20180. Toxicity and oviposition inhibitory effect of extract and powder of Momordica charantia leaf against Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on stored cowpea seed. Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology Discovery; 3(3): 65-70.
Rahman, M.M.; & Schmidt, G.H. (1999). Effect of Acorus calamus (Aceraceae) essential oil vaporous from various origins on Callosobruchus phaseoli (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Stored Products Research; 35: 285-295.
Reichert, W.; Ejercito, J.; Guda, T.; Dong, X.; Wu, Q.; Ray, A. et al. (2019). Repellency assessment of Nepeta cataria essential oils and isolated Nepetalactones on Aedes aegypti. Scientific reports; 9(1): 1524.
Ribeiro, N.C.; da Camara, C.A.G.; Melo, J.P.R.; & de Moraes, M.M. (2019). Acaricidal properties of essential oils from agro-industrial waste products from citric fruit against Tetranychus urticae. Journal of Applied Entomology; 143(7): 731-743.
Rincón, R. A.; Rodríguez, D.; & Coy-Barrera, E. (2019). Botanicals against Tetranychus urticae Koch under laboratory conditions: A survey of alternatives for controlling pest mites. Plants; 8(8): 272.
Sabouri, A.; Faraji, F.; & Zahedi Golpayegani, A. (2009). Mites of greenhouse; identification, biology and control.Tehran university Press,Tehran. (in Persian).
Salehi, F.; Karimi, J.; Kordenaeej, A.; & Askarianzadeh, A. (2016). The effect of oil of black cumin seeds and yarrow on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). The First National Conference on Agricultural Management Using the Agricultural Model, Hamedan, Iran. 9 PP. (In Persian).
Sarraf Muayeri, H. R.; Pirayeshfar, F.; & Kavousi, O. (2013). Repellency effect of three herbal essential oils on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science; 44(1): 103-112. (in Persian).
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Wahyutami, C. T.; & Aisyah, S. N. (2022). Insecticidal Activity of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Leaf Extract on Mung Bean Weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis L.). In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science; (Vol. 985, No. 1, p. 012053). IOP Publishing.
Wakgari, M.; & Yigezu, G. (2018). Evaluation of some botanical extracts against two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychidae: Tetranychus urticae Koch) under laboratory condition. Ethiopian Journal of Science; 41(1): 1-7.
Wang, Z., Cang, T., Wu, S., Wang, X., Qi, P., Wang, X. & Zhao, X. (2018). Screening for suitable chemical acaricides against two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae, on greenhouse strawberries in China. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety; 163: 63-68.
Wardhani, T.; Abadi, A.L.; Himawan, T.; & Am, A. (2015). Composition of water extract from wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) fruit for application as antifeedant and mortality test on armyworm larvae (Spodoptera litura Fab.). Journal of Biology and Life Science; 6(2): 172-192.
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