نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار حشره‌شناسی، مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار حشره‌شناسی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد یادگار امام خمینی(ره) شهرری، ایران
چکیده
کرم ساقه‌خوار نواری، آفت اصلی برنج در ایران می‌باشد. لاروهای زمستان‌گذران این آفت بعد از برداشت محصول برنج به جستجوی پناهگاهای زیستی میپردازند. چنین مکانهای زیستی به نوبه خود کانون آلودگی برای سال زراعی بعد محسوب میگردند. در این پژوهش، تعیین انبوهی جمعیت انتقالی لاروهای زمستان‌گذران و تخمین میزان آلودگی بوته‌های برنج به کرم ساقه‌خوار نواری در ده منطقه استان مازندران (شامل محمودآباد، فریدونکنار، بابلسر، حسن‌آباد، ناییج، بابلکان، هراز، بندپی، نظام‌آباد و مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج) به مدت سه سال مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میانگین لاروهای زنده در مرحله اول نمونه‌برداری (پس از برداشت محصول) و در مناطق بابلسر، فریدونکنار و آمل و کمترین میانگین در مرحله پایانی نمونه‌برداری (اسفند ماه) و در منطقه جاده هراز مشاهده شد. بیشترین (25/1%) و کمترین (87/0%) درصد جوانه مرکزی خشک شده به‌ترتیب در فریدونکنار و هراز محاسبه شد. بیشترین (30/1%) و کمترین (88/0%) درصد خوشه‌های سفید شده به‌ترتیب در بابلسر و بندپی محاسبه شد. مطالعه تنوع گونه‌ای شکارگران و پارازیتوئیدهای لاروهای زمستان‌گذران کرم ساقه‌خوار برنج نشان داد که در مجموع 30 گونه شکارگر شامل پرندگان (چهار گونه)، صدپایان (سه گونه)، عنکبوت‌ها (پنج گونه) و حشرات شکارگر (18 گونه) و 28 گونه پارازیتوئید شامل کنه‌ها (یک گونه) و حشرات پارازیتوئید (27 گونه) شناسایی گردید.
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