نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دکتری، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران
چکیده
مدلهای آشیان بوم‌شناختی کاربردهای فراوانی در بوم‌شناسی دیرینه، باستانشناسی و انسانشناسی دیرینه پیدا کردهاند. این مدلها بر مبنای تئوری آشیان بوم‌شناختی هستند و برای ساخت آشیان بوم‌شناختی گونهها مورد استفاده قرار میگیرند. مدلهای آشیان بوم‌شناختی با استفاده از اطلاعات حضور گونهها و متغیرهای محیطی احتمال حضور آنها را در یک محدوده جغرافیایی معین تعیین میکنند. در مطالعه حاضر با استفاده از مدل مکسنت، نقاط حضور انسان نئاندرتال در فلات ایران (بر اساس مصنوعات سنگی فرهنگ موستری) و متغیرهای اقلیم گذشته و توپوگرافی، توزیع دیرینه این انسان باستانی در فلات مرکزی ایران بازسازی شد. نتایج حاصل نشان داد لکههای فراوانی دارای مطلوبیت بالا برای حضور گونه بوده که پیوستهترین مناطق مطلوب در غرب استان سمنان، شرق اصفهان و استان یزد قرار دارند. متغیر تنوع توپوگرافی با 3/48 درصد اهمیت، مهمترین عامل مؤثر بر توزیع انسان نئاندرتال تشخیص داده شد. اهمیت بالای متغیر تنوع توپوگرافی به این دلیل است که در مناطق با تنوع توپوگرافی بالاتر منابع غذایی بیشتری در دسترس است. بر اساس مدل مکسنت مناطقی در منطقه مورد مطالعه وجود دارند که دارای مطلوبیت بالا برای حضور انسان نئاندرتال بوده اما تا کنون آثاری از حضور نئاندرتالها در آنها یافت نشده است. بنابراین مدل حاضر که مدل آشیان بوم-فرهنگی انسان نئاندرتال در ایران مرکزی نامیده می‌شود، میتواند راهنمایی برای انتخاب مناطق با اولویت بالا برای پایشهای صحرایی به منظور یافتن آثار نئاندرتالها در فلات مرکزی ایران باشد.
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