نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
2 گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
10.30473/eab.2023.66944.1899
چکیده
پلنگ ایرانی (Panthera pardus saxicolor) یکی از گونه‌‌های در معرض خطر انقراض است که جمعیت و دامنه انتشار آن کاهش یافته است. به همین‌دلیل ارزیابی و حفاظت از زیستگاه این‌گونه به‌عنوان یک‌گونه پرچم که در رأس هرم غذایی قرار دارد نیز امری ضروری هست. در این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی کیفیت زیستگاه پلنگ ایرانی در منطقه کپه‌‌داغ واقع در شمال شرق ایران از بسته نرم‌‌افزاری InVEST استفاده گردید. بدین‌منظور ابتدا اقدام به مدل‌سازی زیستگاه پلنگ ایرانی با نرمافزار MaxEnt گردید. بدین‌منظور 30 متغیر زیستگاهی شامل متغیرهای اقلیمی، توپوگرافی، کاربری اراضی/ پوشش زمین و توزیع طعمه‌های پلنگ وارد مدل شد. سپس برای ارزیابی کیفیت زیستگاه گونه مورد مطالعه از نرمافزار InVEST، مدل Habitat Quality استفاده گردید. داده‌‌های ورودی این نرمافزار شامل نقشه کاربری اراضی فعلی، جداول لیست تهدیدات و حساسیت زیستگاه‌‌ها نسبت به تهدیدات است. اطلاعات مربوط به جداول لیست تهدیدات و حساسیت زیستگاه‌‌ها به کمک نتایج نرمافزار MaxEnt تهیه و وارد مدل شد. نتایج حاصل نشان داد، 2/81 درصد از زیستگاه‌‌های مطلوب و 7/18 درصد از زیستگاه‌‌های نامطلوب با منطقه مورد مطالعه همپوشانی دارد. همچنین شهرستان‌‌های مشهد، خواف، نیشابور و سبزوار به‌ترتیب بیشترین مطلوبیت زیستگاه را برای گونه مورد مطالعه دارد. نقشه میزان تخریب زیستگاه گونه مورد مطالعه نشان داد بیشترین میزان تخریب در غرب شهرستان مشهد و بعد از آن در مرکز شهرستان‌‌های گلبهار و قوچان است.
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