Fisheries
Azam Ghorbannia Delavar; Saeed Alinejad Moallem
Abstract
Diazenone is one of the most important organospheric pesticides that is widely used in agriculture and homes to control insects in the soil, plants and other crops. Diazenone is used to control plant pests in many agricultural fields that are located near fresh water sources, It is common.Therefore, ...
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Diazenone is one of the most important organospheric pesticides that is widely used in agriculture and homes to control insects in the soil, plants and other crops. Diazenone is used to control plant pests in many agricultural fields that are located near fresh water sources, It is common.Therefore, in this research, the effect of agricultural poison diazenon was investigated by calculating LC50 on blood parameters and lactobacilli in the intestine of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis. In this experiment, fish were exposed to different concentrations of diazenon poison for 15 days. The amount of blood parameters of red and white blood cells and the presence of lactobacillus species were investigated in 6 treatments with 3 repetitions over a period of 15 days. Then, blood sampling and sampling from the intestines of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis were done. The results showed that the hematological indices of Red carp exposed to different doses of diazenon poison showed a significant decrease in RBC and WBC with increasing poison concentration (p<0.05). Also, the results showed that in all different doses of diazenon poison, the lack of growth of Lactobacillus bacteria compared to the control group on MRS agar culture medium had significant differences (p<0.05). Finally, it can be mentioned that the use of intestinal and blood Lactobacillus samples to investigate the microbial and hematological indicators of Sargandeh carp can be used as biomarkers for measuring and tracking the effects of diazenon poison in aquatic communities.
Veterinary
Parvin Mohseni; Mahboube Bagheri; Narges Gholamian Adimi
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the significant food- and waterborne bacteria. In this study, 110 fresh shrimp samples were randomly collected from retail centers in Kerman City during the summer of 2022. In the laboratory, the samples were homogenized and cultured on TCBS agar for 18-24 hours at 37°C. ...
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the significant food- and waterborne bacteria. In this study, 110 fresh shrimp samples were randomly collected from retail centers in Kerman City during the summer of 2022. In the laboratory, the samples were homogenized and cultured on TCBS agar for 18-24 hours at 37°C. After incubation, green-blue colonies on the TCBS agar were identified as potential Vibrio colonies and were further confirmed using biochemical tests. For genomic extraction of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains from the shrimp samples, the boiling method was employed. The presence of the virulence genes tdh and trh was examined through PCR to confirm molecular identification and determine virulence factors. According to the present findings, among the 110 shrimp samples cultured on TCBS agar, 72 samples (65.45%) exhibited green or green-blue colonies. Of these, 23.6% were positive for the tox gene, serving as a marker for Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Regarding the virulence genes, the tdh gene was detected in two Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates (2.7%), while no samples were positive for the trh gene. This study highlights that, although Vibrio parahaemolyticus is widespread in aquatic environments and seafood, most isolates lack the virulence genes tdh and trh.
Biochemistry
Zhila Zareie; Alieh Eslampanah; shahriar saeidian
Abstract
The aim of the research is to determine the adequacy of dialysis in patients undergoing hemodialysis through the evaluation of serum Bun and Cr, before and after dialysis and investigate the biochemical effect of dialysis on kidney in Lar city. This research was descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional ...
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The aim of the research is to determine the adequacy of dialysis in patients undergoing hemodialysis through the evaluation of serum Bun and Cr, before and after dialysis and investigate the biochemical effect of dialysis on kidney in Lar city. This research was descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional on 135 patients undergoing dialysis. Data collection was done through the researcher's demographic questionnaire. Blood creatinine and urea levels were measured by Jaffe and enzymatic methods, respectively. Dialysis adequacy was calculated through KT/V and URR parameters. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests in SPSS software and by Pair t-test. Most hemodialysis patients of these centers had KT/V less than 1.2. Also, 36.1% of the subjects had URR>65 and 47.5% had KT/V>1.2. A significant decrease in serum urea and creatinine after dialysis was observed. The comparison of the types of membranes in the amount of urea and creatinine clearance showed a difference between these membranes in correcting the amount of urea and creatinine, So, HD type was the most efficient and the R4 type was the least efficient. The S3 membrane has a higher filtration rate than others, which can be the reason for this difference. The average difference of alkaline phosphatase activity before and after dialysis with S3 membrane was more than other membranes, although this difference was not significant. BUN and creatinine showed a significant decrease after hemodialysis compared to before hemodialysis. The result showed that 36.1% had adequate dialysis; But in others, do not have adequate dialysis efficiency.
Veterinary
Taban Khosravi; Hassan Nayebzadeh; Azadeh Rashidimehr; Majid Hataminia
Abstract
Parasitic infections like hydatid cysts, Dicrocelium, and Fasciola are common among humans and livestock and can significantly impact sheep health. For this purpose, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hydatid cyst, Dicrocelium dendriticum and Fasciola spp. in slaughtered sheep in ...
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Parasitic infections like hydatid cysts, Dicrocelium, and Fasciola are common among humans and livestock and can significantly impact sheep health. For this purpose, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hydatid cyst, Dicrocelium dendriticum and Fasciola spp. in slaughtered sheep in Khorramabad city during the second six months of 1401 and to investigate the environmental factors of temperature, rainfall and season on the incidence of these infections. During six months at the Gulshan Dam slaughterhouse, a total of 56,262 sheep underwent macroscopic inspection. Some infected samples were examined microscopically after being transferred to the laboratory. Information about age, sex, and infected organs was recorded through a prepared questionnaire. Prevalence of hydatid cyst, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, and Fasciola spp. in sheep was 12.43% (6996/56262), 7.63% (4295/ 56262), and 3.03% (1710/56262), respectively. The study revealed that hydatid cyst in both liver and lung was the most common parasitic infection found in the slaughtered sheep. Moreover, there was a statistically significant relationship between temperature and the prevalence of Dicrocoelium and hydatid cysts in the lung (p<0.05), as well as with season and rainfall. These factors showed a strong correlation with the incidence rate of Dicrocoelium and hydatid cysts. Climatic factors have a relative impact on the prevalence of platyhelminth infection in this city. In light of the relatively high prevalence of these platyhelminths in slaughtered sheep, policymakers, managers, and health experts need to develop an effective approach in this field.
Biochemistry
Asiye Seyyed; Seyyede Omolbanin Ghasemian
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases with a high prevalence that increases with age. It is predicted that by 2030, more than 360 million people in the world will have diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of intermittent and continuous training on leptin receptor ...
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Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases with a high prevalence that increases with age. It is predicted that by 2030, more than 360 million people in the world will have diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of intermittent and continuous training on leptin receptor expression in brain tissue and food intake in aged rats. This basic and experimental research was conducted on 32 female Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: healthy control, diabetic control, intermittent training, and continuous training, with each group consisting of 8 samples. The training protocols involved were tailored to test the specific impact of different exercise regimens. The intermittent training group underwent a regime of high-intensity interval training, while the continuous training group engaged in steady-state, moderate-intensity exercise. The control groups did not participate in any structured physical activity. Following the training period, leptin levels and food intake were meticulously measured. Leptin gene expression in the brain tissue was assessed using Real-Time PCR, a highly sensitive and specific method for quantifying gene expression. Food intake was monitored and recorded at the beginning and end of the study period. The results demonstrated a statistically significant increase in leptin gene expression in the brain tissue of the rats subjected to intermittent training (P=0.001). This suggests that intermittent training may more effectively stimulate molecular pathways associated with leptin receptor expression compared to continuous training. Furthermore, a significant difference in food intake was observed between the groups after the eight-week training period (P=0.001). Tukey’s post hoc analysis revealed a significant difference between the high-intensity interval training and continuous training groups in terms of leptin expression (P=0.03), indicating that the type and intensity of training can differentially influence leptin receptor dynamics. Additionally, food intake in the diabetic control group was significantly higher compared to the training groups (P=0.001), suggesting that physical activity can mitigate hyperphagia in diabetic conditions. However, both interval and continuous training exerted a similar effect on overall food intake (P=0.58), implying that while the type of exercise influences leptin expression, the regulation of food consumption might be governed by other compensatory mechanisms. In conclusion, the findings underscore the significant impact of intermittent training on leptin gene expression in brain tissue of aged rats, highlighting its potential advantages over continuous training in modulating molecular markers linked to energy homeostasis. Nonetheless, both training modalities exhibited comparable effects on food intake, emphasizing the complexity of exercise-induced metabolic regulation.
animal biosystematic
Sayyad Sheykhi; Hamidreza Rezaei; Anooshe Kafash; Masoud Yousefi
Abstract
Hyrcanian forests are rich in the sense of biological diversity. Cavity-nesting birds are considered an indicator of bird diversity in these forest ecosystem. To help conservation of avian diversity in Hyrcanian forests, we applied ensemble of three species distribution models (Generalised Boosted Models, ...
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Hyrcanian forests are rich in the sense of biological diversity. Cavity-nesting birds are considered an indicator of bird diversity in these forest ecosystem. To help conservation of avian diversity in Hyrcanian forests, we applied ensemble of three species distribution models (Generalised Boosted Models, Maximum Entropy modeling, Random Forest) and predicted the impacts of climate change on distribution of Dendrocopos major an important tree-cavity nesting bird in the area. We also estimated protected areas coverage for suitable habitat of the species in Hyrcanian forests. Results showed that area of suitable habitat of the species is and this will increase to 30805 by 2070 and 34392 by 2100. We also found that 15 percent of the species suitable habitat covered by protected areas.
Biochemistry
Parinaz Hajiyousefipour; Mehdi Basaki; Davoud Kianifard; Yousef Panahi; Mehri Anisi
Abstract
Nicotine is a natural alkaloid and the primary cause of tobacco addiction. Nicotine stimulates the brain, raises blood pressure and heart rate, increases metabolic rate, suppresses appetite, and regulates body weight through binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Nicotine causes weight ...
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Nicotine is a natural alkaloid and the primary cause of tobacco addiction. Nicotine stimulates the brain, raises blood pressure and heart rate, increases metabolic rate, suppresses appetite, and regulates body weight through binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Nicotine causes weight loss, enzyme leakage, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress in the liver. To investigate the time-dependent effects of nicotine on liver function rats were injected intraperitoneally daily with of nicotine (2 mg/kg). Forty blood samples were taken at four stages, as four independent groups, before nicotine administration and 30 minutes, one week, and four weeks after the first nicotine administration. Serum glucose, albumin, urea, and uric acid were measured by standard methods. After four weeks of nicotine administration, liver samples were fixed in a 10% formaldehyde solution, and diameters of the central vein, hepatocyte, and sinusoid and thickness of the liver capsule were measured. Short and long-term nicotine administration decreased serum glucose and albumin. Serum urea and uric acid decreased following immediate, short-term, and long-term nicotine administration. Also, the diameter of hepatocytes and sinusoids increased after four weeks of nicotine administration. Nicotine reduces hepatic synthesis of glucose, albumin, urea, and uric acid time-dependently through various regulatory mechanisms. Investigating nicotine's effects on the genes and enzymes involved in liver metabolism will help to clarify the molecular mechanisms of nicotine's effects.
