Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah; Masoud Sattari; Javid Imanpur; Mehdi Bibak
Abstract
Length-weight relationship and some growth parameters of Rutilus kutum were studied. In total, 112 specimens of kutum were collected randomly from beach seines at the southern shores of the Caspian Seafrom October 2016 to May 2017. The mean (±SD) total length, fork length, and weight for the whole ...
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Length-weight relationship and some growth parameters of Rutilus kutum were studied. In total, 112 specimens of kutum were collected randomly from beach seines at the southern shores of the Caspian Seafrom October 2016 to May 2017. The mean (±SD) total length, fork length, and weight for the whole population were 38.58±8.14, 35.57±7.65 cm and 659.48±334.06 g, respectively. The minimum and maximum length and weight of fish in different seasons were 16.5 and 51cm as well as 45 and 1525g, respectively. The mean (±SD) gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices for the whole population were 4.67±5.28 and 7.86±5.83, respectively. Analyses of length-weight relationships showed a strong correlation between these two parameters (R2=0.90). The length-weight ratio in males, females and total population were W= 0.821 L2.4278, W=0.01 L3.0025, W=0.041 L2.6224,respectively. The t-test analysis showed a negative allometric growth pattern for males and the whole population, whereas females followed isometric growth pattern. The mean (±SD) condition factor (CF) were 1.10±0.41 in males, 1.01±0.11 in females and 1.07±0.35 in the whole population. The mean CF was higher in males in comparison with females, although the differences were not statistically significant.
Mokhtar Fathi; Shahriar Saeidian; Kobra Varmaghani
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant effects of selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite on the antioxidant status, enzymatic activity and plasma lipid parameters of Pullet Chickswith 1050 birds in 7 treatments for 6 weeks. The treatments included three levels of 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 (ppm) ...
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A study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant effects of selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite on the antioxidant status, enzymatic activity and plasma lipid parameters of Pullet Chickswith 1050 birds in 7 treatments for 6 weeks. The treatments included three levels of 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 (ppm) sodium selenite and nano selenium. The antioxidant indices measured in the heart, liver and plasma include glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAS). Activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured and lipid parameters including total triglyceride, total cholesterol and plasma LDL were determined. The results showed that sodium selenite and selenium nanoparticles significantly increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase and reduced levels of malondialdehyde in the plasma, heart and liver. The highest antioxidant effect was related to 0.6 ppm sodium selenium and 0.3 ppm selenium nanoparticles. There was no significant effect on total antioxidant capacity of plasma, heart and liver in experimental group (P<0.05) .There was no significant effect of experimental treatments on plasma enzyme activity (P<0.05). Sodium selenite and selenium nanoparticles at levels of 0.3 and 0.6 ppm significantly decreased triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL in the plasma of birds (P<0.05). Conclusion 0.3 ppm of selenium nanoparticles and 0.6 ppm of Sodium selenitecan be successfully used to improve the antioxidant status and reduce plasma bad fats.
Abbas Ashoori; Masoud Yousefi; Farhad Hosseini Tayefeh
Abstract
Waterbirds are among the most vulnerable species of birds, and their species richness and population size are important indicators of the quality and conservation value of aquatic ecosystems. The populations of waterbirds are severely in decline, and in recent years more species have been added to the ...
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Waterbirds are among the most vulnerable species of birds, and their species richness and population size are important indicators of the quality and conservation value of aquatic ecosystems. The populations of waterbirds are severely in decline, and in recent years more species have been added to the IUCN Red List. It is therefore imperative that the populations of these birds be monitored and protected. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the trends in the diversity and density of wintering migratory waterbirds in four protected areas in the Anzali International Wetland Complex, namely Selkeh, Sorkhankol, Choukam and Siahkieshim. To this end, data from the mid-winter census during a 10-year period (2003-2005 and 2008-2013) were used. We also compared the similarity of waterbird communities among the four protected areas using the Morista Index and PCA test. In total, 65 species of waterbirds were identified in all of these four areas of the wetland. Selkeh had the highest species richness (57 species) and Siahkeshim had the highest mean abundance (31,504 individuals). Also the highest abundance of these four areas combined was in 2013 (103,332 individuals) and the lowest was in 2005 (42,842 individuals). Anatidae were represented by the highest number of species (18 species) and Threskiornithidae and Sternidae families were lowest with one species each. The results of Morista Index and PCA test also revealed that, Sorkhankol wildlife refuge had the least similarity with the other protected areas based on species richness. The results suggest the importance of the Sorkhankol area for providing habitats and supporting diving waterbird species, in particular its value for diving ducks. So, this part of Anzali Wetland may need to be protected more than before. Implementation of comprehensive wetland management plans and establishment of integrated ecosystem management systems are among the most important strategies for preserving these four areas for aquatic birds and overwintering.
Amir Ansari
Abstract
This study in order to introductory study of ecological charactristics some in nesting habitat of Eurasian Penduline Tit Remiz pendulinus in Khondab Shara area of Markazi province was conducted from April to July 2018, Using of linear and point transects and statistical methods, with eight variables ...
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This study in order to introductory study of ecological charactristics some in nesting habitat of Eurasian Penduline Tit Remiz pendulinus in Khondab Shara area of Markazi province was conducted from April to July 2018, Using of linear and point transects and statistical methods, with eight variables such as: Percentage of tree crown cover, diameter at breast height, depth of river under the nest dangling, distance from the road, distance from agricultural land, distance from the village, nest height from the surface of water and land and nest size. Results showed as if Penduline Tit’s nests 17 was observed in the area. Nests were active eight and inactive nine. The variables of tree crown percentages, diameter at breast height, river water depth and distance from the village have a significant correlation with the nesting habitat of the Pendulines and their activeness. Reduced annual drainage of the river and agricultural land development threatened the nesting habitat of the Pendulines and decline the population size of this bird.
Kianoosh Zarrinkavyani; Heshmatola Khosravinia; Gholamreza Shahsavari
Abstract
Four hundred forty 1-d- old male neonate broiler chicks were transported over 1200 km on road to investigate the effects of subcutaneous injection of diazepam on blood glucose level, proportional decrease in live weight, yolk sac weight, breast weight and certain behavioral attributes. For this purpose, ...
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Four hundred forty 1-d- old male neonate broiler chicks were transported over 1200 km on road to investigate the effects of subcutaneous injection of diazepam on blood glucose level, proportional decrease in live weight, yolk sac weight, breast weight and certain behavioral attributes. For this purpose, 9 behavioral parameters of birds were measured in 4 sections of the trip. By killing and capturing 8 birds from each treatment at the end of each section of the journey, the physiological parameters were measured. Increased journey duration resulted in linear or nonlinear enhanced live weight and breast loss as well as yolk sac resorption in neonate chicks (p < 0.05). Diazepam at both doses induced prompt sedation within few seconds post injection. Chicks received diazepam injection demonstrated muscle relaxation leading to reduced behaviors involving greater muscular activity. Frequency of moderate- and high-energy demanding behaviors were low to moderate in melatonin-injected chicks. No indication showed greater glucose levels in serum may lead to increased frequency of moderate- or high demanding behavioral attributes. In conclusion, diazepam exerted a range of effects in unpremeditated behavior in broiler chicks during transportation over 1200 km on road. Diazepam was able to reduce high-energy demanding or increase low- or moderate-energy demanding behavioral attributes.
Farzaneh Kermani; Mohammad Reza Ahmadi Dastjerdi; Bagher Nezami; Mansoure Mohammadi Mayab
Abstract
Wild Sheep is one of the ungulate, which lives in mountainous and hilly areas. This species is one of the main preys of cheetah in the Central Plateau of Iran, after a sharp decline in Gazelle and Jebeer population in Iran. Hence, in this study, the identification of the suitable habitats for Wild sheep ...
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Wild Sheep is one of the ungulate, which lives in mountainous and hilly areas. This species is one of the main preys of cheetah in the Central Plateau of Iran, after a sharp decline in Gazelle and Jebeer population in Iran. Hence, in this study, the identification of the suitable habitats for Wild sheep in the central Iranian plateau was studied as the selected areas for the conservation of Asiatic cheetah. The species desirability habitat modeling was performed by using nine models in the Biomod2 package. The results showed that in all models, distance from water resources, distance from village, mines, fields, and slopes were the most important variables and country that elevation and road as the least important variables. Half of the species desirable area located outside of the protected areas boundaries. Due to high overlap of Wild Sheep presence and Asiatic Cheetah presence in the central of the country, its habitat management has a direct positive effect on the cheetah conservation.
Behjat Majidi; Mohsen Fathi Najafi; Shahriar Saeedian
Abstract
Brucella sp. Lumazine synthase, the enzyme involved in riboflavin biosynthesis composed of 10 identical subunits. According to extended applications of LS, it is necessary to set up a high yield expression and purification method for this enzyme.in current study, Lumazine synthase primary structure ...
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Brucella sp. Lumazine synthase, the enzyme involved in riboflavin biosynthesis composed of 10 identical subunits. According to extended applications of LS, it is necessary to set up a high yield expression and purification method for this enzyme.in current study, Lumazine synthase primary structure was achieved from NCBI database and it was expressed by pET28a in BL21 E. coli. The optimum concentrations of IPTG and Kanamycin was evaluated and applied for high yield expression of rBLS. For LPS removal and purification of protein, ammonium precipitation and ion exchange chromatography were performed and no background in ELISA (against Brucella) was observed. ELISA and Western Blotting techniques were applied for expression and purification confirming. For monitoring of purification, SDS-PAGE was applied. Purification of protein with DEAE sephadex (Diethylaminoethyl) resulted in a single band purified rBLS. The approach applied in this study can be used in generation a relatively pure rBLS as a valuable recombinant product in vaccine industries.
Samira Jafaryan; Mohammadreza Bivareh; Hojatollah Jafaryan
Abstract
Any change in hematological and biochemical parameters of plasma could be a predictor of unfavorable environment or effect of different stress factors in fish. The present study was designed to assess different salinity concentration induced changes hematological parameters and immunity indices in rainbow ...
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Any change in hematological and biochemical parameters of plasma could be a predictor of unfavorable environment or effect of different stress factors in fish. The present study was designed to assess different salinity concentration induced changes hematological parameters and immunity indices in rainbow trout fishes reared in fresh (0.5ppt), brackish (3.02ppt) and salt water (18.20ppt) at three different station in Golestan Province. The experiment was beginning with the rainbow trout juvenile with initial average 50g then run for 5 months using the commercial trout feed. At the end of rearing periods, blood samples were taken from 20 individuals was apparentlyhealthy with the mean weight of 250g from each station and serum was separated. Serum was separated with centrifuge machine and blood parameters were analyzed by the routine method used in fish hematology. The results showed a significant difference between WBC and IgM value in tree experimental group (p<0.05). The highest WBC (14300±310 103/mm) was found in the blood of fish fry reared in brackish water and the highest IgM value (0.428±0.007 g/l) was recorded in fish fry reared in saline water (p<0.05). RBC, Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, C3 and C4 significantly decreased in the blood of fish reared in brackish water (p<0.05). But, these indices not showed any significant difference among the fish reared in the fresh and saline water (p>0.05). But there was no significant difference in the level of these indices between cultivated fish fry with fresh and brackish waters (p> 0.05). Also, was observed no significant differences among the MCHC value in experimental group (p>0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that rearing of O. mykiss as a euryhaline species in saline water of ~18 ppt is more desirable due to the tendency to return these indices to measured level in fresh water and are less affected by stress.
Shamayel Tajmirali; Mahbubeh Setorki; Zahra Hoooshmandi
Abstract
The application of herbal plants instead of synthetic drugs is increasing in recent years because of their lower side-effects and high varieties of efficient components. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic effect of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge essential oil by formalin test in mice ...
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The application of herbal plants instead of synthetic drugs is increasing in recent years because of their lower side-effects and high varieties of efficient components. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic effect of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge essential oil by formalin test in mice model in this study, S. bachtiarica Bunge essential oil was prepared using clevenger apparatus by distilled water method. Mature male rats (25-35 gr) were selected. Acute and chronic pain induction was performed by injection of 20μl of 4% formalin solution to evaluate the analgesic effects of S. bachtiarica essential oil. The study groups consisted of the control group receiving normal saline, the groups receiving 25, 50 and 100 mg/ kg of S. bachtiarica essential oil, and the positive control group received morphine 10 mg/ kg. Single dose injections were performed 30 minutes before the start of the test. Acute pain (5 minutes after injection) and chronic pain (20 minutes after inoculation) were measured by stopwatch and the results were analyzed by SPSS16 software.S. bachtiarica Bunge essential oil at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly moderated formalin-induced pain as it could reduce foot licking caused by formalin injection in both acute and chronic phases. The present data indicate that essential oil of S. bachtiarica Bunge has analgesic effect on mice, and this plant could be considered in future health care.
Nassir Niamaimandi; Javad Shabani; Abdolrasol Esmaily; Ali Mobarrezi; Gholam Moradi
Abstract
Growth parameters of cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) was estimated from northern Persian Gulf, (27˚ 50´ 06˝ and 30˚ 06´ 07˝N to 52˚ 02´ 56˝and 50˚ 05´ 14˝E) from October 2017 to May 2018. 100 to 150 specimens were randomly separated each time from total catch and mantel length ...
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Growth parameters of cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) was estimated from northern Persian Gulf, (27˚ 50´ 06˝ and 30˚ 06´ 07˝N to 52˚ 02´ 56˝and 50˚ 05´ 14˝E) from October 2017 to May 2018. 100 to 150 specimens were randomly separated each time from total catch and mantel length and body weight were measured by sexes. Based on the Von-Bertalanffy growth formula in males, growth parameters were estimated with K=0.3 year-1 and L∞=37 cm. In females, growth coefficient, K and asymptotic length, L∞ were estimated 0.5 year−1 and 30 cm respectively. Maximum of fishing effort was observed in November 1.08±0.71 kg per trap and minimum was 0.06±0.02 kg per trap in May. Maximum catch per trap was 0.65±0.56 kg in 21-30 m depths and minimum was 0.10±0.05 kg in 41-50 m depths. Low growth coefficients in males and females show that this species reached to maximum growth during presence in the study area. Also, its aggregation in the depths of 30-21 m indicates the accumulation of mature spawning specimens in the area, which needs serious protection.
Fatemeh Nabipour; Mohammad Fazilati; Behroze Dousti; Reza Mir Derikvand
Abstract
Recently, due to increased Candida infection and frequent recurrence and due to the resistance of Candida species to most antifungal drugs, for the first time, antifungal properties of methanolic, n-hexane and aqueous extracts from different parts of Echium italicum were compared with antibiotics. In ...
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Recently, due to increased Candida infection and frequent recurrence and due to the resistance of Candida species to most antifungal drugs, for the first time, antifungal properties of methanolic, n-hexane and aqueous extracts from different parts of Echium italicum were compared with antibiotics. In this study, methanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts from different parts of the plant were prepared in different concentrations by soaking method And on two species of Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis by disk diffusion method and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration), MFC (minimum fungicidal concentration of growth) by micro dilution method. Antibiotics Nystatin and Fluconazole were used as a positive control and DMSO was used as a negative control. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and t-test. The results showed that different extracts from the root of the plant showed more antifungal activity than the aerial part of the plant against both species of Candida (P<0/05). The methanolic extract of the root showed the highest mean diameter of growth and the lowest MIC (15.62 μg/μl) and MFC (31.25 μg/μl) against Candida glabrata as inhibitory diameter of growth the methanolic extract in concentration of 5mg/ml (18.5±0.5) was higher than Nystatin antibiotic inhibitory diameter of growth for Candida glabrata. The results showed that the extracts of this plant have antifungal effects on both Candida species and after supplementary and clinical trials as an appropriate antifungal agent against Candida glabrata infection and Tropicalis infection.
