Fatemeh Kamranzadeh; Negin Salamat; Mohammad Ali Salari; , Abdolali Movahedinia
Abstract
Abstract The Persian Gulf is valuable marine ecosystem. The entrance of industrial waste waters especially from the petrochemical industries located in the cost line of the Persian Gulf resulted in considerable contamination of aquatics lives in this region. The present investigation aimed to study changes ...
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Abstract The Persian Gulf is valuable marine ecosystem. The entrance of industrial waste waters especially from the petrochemical industries located in the cost line of the Persian Gulf resulted in considerable contamination of aquatics lives in this region. The present investigation aimed to study changes in tissue structure of the liver in Otolithes ruber and Liza abu from the Musa creek, situated in the north west of the Persian Gulf, to evaluate the possible effects of environmental pollutants on these fish. In this study, 100 L. abu and O. ruber were collected from five sampling sites in Musa creek, including Petrochemical, Ghanam, Zangi, Douragh and Patil stations. Also, 10 fish/ species were collected from Sajafi creek as a control station. The samples were taken from the liver and were fixed in 15% formalin. Tissue samples were then processed using routine histological methods. Degeneration of cytoplasm, nucleus vacuolization, hemosiderin deposits and destroyed blood cells were the most tissue changes observed. The amount of Degree of Tissue Changes (DTC) for liver of both species was significantly higher and lower at the Petrochemical and Patil stations than other sites. The structural changes observed in both species showed close relation with the level of environmental pollution. In conclusion as it seems, the liver could be considered as an appropriate biomarker to assess the pollution of the region.
Masoumeh Bahrekazemi; Tahereh Shafighi
Abstract
Abstract Grass carp is considered as one of the major species in carp polyculture, because of its high growth rate, low food expectation and resistance to diseases and the idea of using inulin in its diet can improve the culture of the species. So, in this study the effect of different levels of inulin ...
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Abstract Grass carp is considered as one of the major species in carp polyculture, because of its high growth rate, low food expectation and resistance to diseases and the idea of using inulin in its diet can improve the culture of the species. So, in this study the effect of different levels of inulin prebiotic on the growth, survival and body composition in grass carp fry was studied. 180 fry (4.51±0.10 g) were fed with 1, 2 and 3 grams of prebiotic inulin per kg of diet, which were mixed evenly with food, over a period of 60 days. The control treatment did not receive any prebiotic. The results showed that, the highest percent of body weight gained, specific growth rate and condition factor were obtained in 3 g of inulin per kg diet, which were significantly different from other treatments (P
jafar Fakhraei; Gholamreza Siahkamari; Hassan Khamisabadi; Hossein Mansoori Yarahmadi
Abstract
Abstract Microbial growth and lipid peroxidation are primary factors of meat spoilage during refrigerated storage. Coriandram sativum is a medical plant, locally known as Tashenadri, has been extensively used as a medicinal plant in Iran. In this study, the effects of Coriandram sativum ...
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Abstract Microbial growth and lipid peroxidation are primary factors of meat spoilage during refrigerated storage. Coriandram sativum is a medical plant, locally known as Tashenadri, has been extensively used as a medicinal plant in Iran. In this study, the effects of Coriandram sativum medical aqueous extract on the quality and shelf life of lamb’s meat during chilled storage were investigated. Meet samples were treated with aqueous extract of 1%, 3% and 5% Meats were applied by extracts, and then stored at 4 oC for 5 days. The control and the treated meet samples were analyzed periodically for Microbial (Total count, Staph aureus, Coliforms), chemical (pH, PV) and sensory characteristics. The results indicated that incorporation of R. officinalis water extract on meet fillets caused the delay of lipid peroxidation and microbial spoilage. In this respect, the sample supplemented with 3% aqueous extract was more effective compared with the 1% and 5%.in extending the shelf life of meat fillets (P
Paria Akbary; Saeide Biabani; Khaled Soleimani Far
Abstract
Abstract Different fish species tolerate starvation periods using distinct strategies of activating adaptive biochemical and physiological mechanisms that enable them to cope with the adverse condition. The present study was investigated the effect of starvation on growth, chemical compositions and non- ...
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Abstract Different fish species tolerate starvation periods using distinct strategies of activating adaptive biochemical and physiological mechanisms that enable them to cope with the adverse condition. The present study was investigated the effect of starvation on growth, chemical compositions and non- specific immune parameters in grunters (Terapon jarbua) fry. In this study, 180 fry of T.jarbua studied with mean length 4.46± 0.21 cm and weight 1.98± 0.30 g that included fed and starved groups each with three replicates (30 fish per replicate) in a 60 – liter plastic tanks. Sampling of fish was performed at 10, 20 and 30 days of food deprivation. The results showed that specific growth ratio (SGR) and increased weight gain (growth parameters), protein and fat (chemical compositions) levels were significantly lower in starved group than in fed group (P
Hamid Darvishnia; Behzad Fathinia; Yaser Bakhshi
Abstract
Abstract Amphibians are opportunistic predators that feed upon numerous food resources occurring in their environment. Due to feed upon insects, this group plays an important role in biological control of pests in agricultural ecosystems. In this research, which was carried out in 2015 and 2016 at the ...
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Abstract Amphibians are opportunistic predators that feed upon numerous food resources occurring in their environment. Due to feed upon insects, this group plays an important role in biological control of pests in agricultural ecosystems. In this research, which was carried out in 2015 and 2016 at the northwest of Guilan Province in northern Iran, some biological aspects of vulnerable species Bufo eichwaldi as well as stomach contents of 57 individuals (using stomach flushing technique to determine the diet) were analyzed. A total number of 642 food and non-food items belonging to 23 orders and seven classes from four phyla, mostly from phylum Arthropoda (83.3%) were identified. Food items with the highest frequency belong to Class Insecta with 14 orders. Within this class two orders Hymenoptera and Coleoptera, were the most abundant prey items in the diet of this species. High variation of prey items is a reflection of the high ratio of invertebrate’s diversity in the study area. This species has recently been listed as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List. Despite suitability of climatic conditions of this area for B. eichwaldi, but, habitat destruction yielded from human activity have caused a significant reduction in the populations of this species during recent years.
fereshteh dadfar; Kourosh Bamdad; Mehdi Samani pour
Abstract
Abstract X-ray is the one of the types of ionizing electromagnetic rays that is widely used in medical and industrial professions, but also has destructive effects. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of X-ray on count and motility of sperm cells of in adult male rat. 40 male rats ...
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Abstract X-ray is the one of the types of ionizing electromagnetic rays that is widely used in medical and industrial professions, but also has destructive effects. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of X-ray on count and motility of sperm cells of in adult male rat. 40 male rats were divided into two groups, the treatment group with X-ray with variant radiography and control group, respectively. Then, the total number of sperms and their mobility were analyzed by T-test in both groups. The results showed that X-ray was reduced the total number of sperms significantly. The number of dead and immotile sperms increased in X-treated conditions compared to control group significantly. However, the number of active- progressive and slow motion and non- progressive sperms in the X-ray treated group was not significantly different with the control group. It is concluded that X-ray can have destructive effects on male reproductive systems, including reduction sperm count and motility.
Mostafa Hamzei; Ali Mirshekar; Mohammad Salari; Abbas Khani; Seyed Kazem Sabbagh
Abstract
Abstract The Sugarcane grasshopper (Chrotogonus trachypterus) is one of the most important and indigenous and harmful pest of field crops in Sistan region of Iran and cause considerable damage especially during seedling stages. We conducted this study in order to introduction of a biocontrol agent to ...
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Abstract The Sugarcane grasshopper (Chrotogonus trachypterus) is one of the most important and indigenous and harmful pest of field crops in Sistan region of Iran and cause considerable damage especially during seedling stages. We conducted this study in order to introduction of a biocontrol agent to C. trachypterus in a completely randomized designs and factorial experiment with three replications using topical application under laboratory conditions. For inoculations, after the preliminary experiments, five fungal suspensions prepared at consecrations of 1×104, 1×105, 1×106, 1×107 and 1×108 conidia mL-1 in distilled water containing 0.05% Tween-80®. Grasshoppers typically inoculated under the pronotal shield using a Hamilton microaplicator. Control treatment were treated with distilled water containing 0.05% Tween-80® as surfactant. The corrected cumulative percent mortality was recorded daily until 15 days after inoculations. Percentage of insect mortality was analyzed using (log-probit) methods.Results showed T. harzianum was pathogenic to adult insects and insect mortality increased with increasing concentrations. The highest and lowest mortality observed at 108 conidia mL-1 and 104 conidia mL-1 with a 75 and 25 percent respectively (p50value was 1.01×106conidia mL-1. This is the first report of the pathogenicity of T. harzianum to the grasshopper, C. trachypterus.
Khadije Poormehr; Amir Hoshang Bahri; Ali Taheri; Paria Akbary
Abstract
Abstract Deprivation and re-feeding periods have a special relationship with possible mechanism of compensatory growth and reduce the cost of feeding fish. The present study investigated different parameters such as feed efficiency, growth and body composition changes in order to compensate for the possible ...
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Abstract Deprivation and re-feeding periods have a special relationship with possible mechanism of compensatory growth and reduce the cost of feeding fish. The present study investigated different parameters such as feed efficiency, growth and body composition changes in order to compensate for the possible mechanism of growth retardation in Pangasius sutchi fry (with an average weight of 1.27 g ± 0.24).The survey was conducted for 60 days in Ghom, Iran. In this experiment a control group (no period of food deprivation) and treatments with alternating cycles of one day of fasting and 4-day feeding (treatment 1), 3 days of starvation and 12-day feeding (treatment 2), 6 days of starvation and 24-day feeding (treatment 3). Bioassays were repeated every 30 days.At the end of the experimental period, Specific growth ratio (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of the experimental period, in the treatments of food deprivation compared to the control group improved (PPangasius sutchi fry, has the ability to withstand food deprivation and compensatory growth retardation at 6 days of starvation and leading to improved carcass fat
Abbas Khani; Fatemeh Ordouni; Najmeh Sahebzadeh
Abstract
Abstract Cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae), is one of the polyphagous and highly damaging species in fields and greenhouses. Now, aphids control is dependent on using chemical insecticides. Because of continuous use of pesticides, many species of aphids have become resistant ...
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Abstract Cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae), is one of the polyphagous and highly damaging species in fields and greenhouses. Now, aphids control is dependent on using chemical insecticides. Because of continuous use of pesticides, many species of aphids have become resistant to many chemical compounds. Then, surveying the alternative approach needed for effectively managing of aphids in integrated pest management (IPM). In this study, the qualitative phytochemical of ethanolic extract of Salsola imbricata and its insecticidal effect on A. gossypii investigated in a completely randomized design under laboratory conditions. The results showed, the mortality rate of one-day adult aphids treated with ethanolic extract of S. imbricate at concentrations between 33.63 to 2016.99 µg/cm2 was 20 to 73 %. The LC50 value after 24 hours was 340.06µg/cm2. Preliminary phytochemical study of extract showing the presence of various bioactive and insecticidal compounds in ethanolic extract of S. imbricata, like glycosides (anthraquinones), flavonoids, steroids, tannins and tri terpenoids compounds. But no saponons detected.
Yazdan Keivany; Amirhosein Tahmaseb; Omidvar Farhadian
Abstract
Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the body shape variation among Kura barb species (Barbus spp.) in the Caspian Sea, Urmia and Tigris basins using landmark-based geometric morphometrics. For this purpose, a total of 128 specimens were sampled from the three basins using seine, gill ...
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Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the body shape variation among Kura barb species (Barbus spp.) in the Caspian Sea, Urmia and Tigris basins using landmark-based geometric morphometrics. For this purpose, a total of 128 specimens were sampled from the three basins using seine, gill and cast nets. The left side of each specimen was photographed using digital camera and 14 Landmark points were digitized on two-dimensional images using TpsDig2. Landmark data after a Generalized Procrustes were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) and the patterns of body shape differences among the studied population were illustrated in deformation grids in relation to consensus configuration of all specimens. The Principal Component Analysis could not differentiate the populations, but CVA displayed some differences among the populations. Habitat-associated morphological divergence, phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary process of body shape change among various populations and also, a relationship between the geographical distance and the degree of morphological divergence among populations in response to environmental factors in their habitat were observed. Thus, each population should be considered as separate genetic and morphological stocks.
Ameneh Jamshidi; Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi; Tayebeh Rajabian; Gholam Reza Bakhshikhaniki; Shahla Mozaffari
Abstract
Abstract Chlorella sorokiniana contains valuable metabolites such as proteins, antioxidants, lipids, vitamins and minerals, and is used as a food for animals and medicine. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of some culture factors and conditions on nutrient supplementation of algal levels for ...
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Abstract Chlorella sorokiniana contains valuable metabolites such as proteins, antioxidants, lipids, vitamins and minerals, and is used as a food for animals and medicine. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of some culture factors and conditions on nutrient supplementation of algal levels for aquaculture was investigated. For this purpose, algae were cultured in modified Bold Basal Media (BBM) and 0.5 gram of glucose was added as carbon source. Then, the effect of pH, addition of thiamine pyrophosphate, changes in nitrate and phosphate levels, addition of yeast and lack of glucose, were studied on growth and content of algal metabolites. The highest growth rate, antioxidant content, protein and some algal mineral content were obtained in medium containing twice the nitrate and phosphate with or without thiamine pyrophosphate. Adding yeast increased dry weight and decreased none significantly antioxidants. Adding thiamine pyrophosphate alone and low reduction of acidity did not significantly effect on growth and metabolites of alga. Lack of glucose significantly reduced alga growth.
Ali Asghar Zarei; Maziar Mahmoudi
Abstract
Abstract One step in wildlife management is knowing as target population density and that is required cognition of species dispersion pattern in landscape level. In this research, the dispersion and density of brown bear (Ursus arctos syriacus) with use of the Standardized Morisita Index (SMI) and Adaptive ...
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Abstract One step in wildlife management is knowing as target population density and that is required cognition of species dispersion pattern in landscape level. In this research, the dispersion and density of brown bear (Ursus arctos syriacus) with use of the Standardized Morisita Index (SMI) and Adaptive cluster sampling (ACS) were determined in Arsanjan County range in Fars province. Field work and cencus of presence signs does with use random sample in 3×3 km cells. Total of sampeling grid in study area include 300 cells. Results SMI showed that dispersion pattern brown bear is clumped and individuals that most aggregationed in koh khom non hunting area. The Results of ACS related to active winter dens showed the brown bear density was 0.031 bear in each cell and 0.0034 bear in kilometer square. Therefor recommendation winter dens are appropriate index in evaluation brown bear population and use in density estimate this species in other areas.
Homayoun Khazali; Nazli khajehnasiri; Farzam Sheikhzadeh Hesari
Abstract
Abstract Location of two sets of neurons; pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, represents a core role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of energy balance. One of the important factors in energy balance is exercise. Until now, the effects ...
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Abstract Location of two sets of neurons; pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, represents a core role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of energy balance. One of the important factors in energy balance is exercise. Until now, the effects of exercise on hypothalamic POMC and NPY genes expression, weight and appetite control are not clear. Therefore, in the present study, the influence of one-month regular moderate exercise in serum level of corticosterone, as one of the factors affecting appetite, and gene expression of hypothalamic POMC and NPY were discussed.Fourteen adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and one-month regular moderate exercise (RME) groups. After, one-month exercise (22m/min), the arcuate nucleus was isolated from brain and stored in -80 refrigerators for gene expression assay by real-time PCR method. In addition, serum samples were taken to assess corticosterone level by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by Independent t-test in SPSS-16. Pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA level was lower in the group which received exercise less than the control animal (P. The results of the present study indicate that regular moderate exercise is effective in reducing stress but probably increasing anorexigenic neuropeptide, proopiomelanocortin, gene expression is the reason for incapacitation of exercise for losing weight.
Mahnaz Shojapour; , Faezeh Fatemi; Reza Haji Hosseini; Marzieh Dehghan Shasaltaneh
Abstract
Abstract Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (Af) is an acidophilic bacterium involved in the bioleaching process. Cytochrome c552 (Cyc1) is a periplasmic protein that has a key role in the electron transportation in the respiratory chain. The presence of both heme A and B in the Cyc1 structure and its role ...
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Abstract Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (Af) is an acidophilic bacterium involved in the bioleaching process. Cytochrome c552 (Cyc1) is a periplasmic protein that has a key role in the electron transportation in the respiratory chain. The presence of both heme A and B in the Cyc1 structure and its role in taking electrons from the previous protein and electron transfer to the next protein is the main reason for choosing this protein. In this research, with purpose of improving the bioleaching process, glutamate 122 and histidine 54 Cyc1 were selected for point mutation in bioinformatics studies. Mutations were performed by PYMOL software and simulated molecular dynamics for wild proteins, and mutant E122D, H54I in Cyc1. The conformational changes of mutated protein were investigated by SASA, Rg, NH bond analysis. Our results confirmed that the mutated proteins retained its stability during the simulation. By converting glutamate to aspartate, an acid molecule changed into a more acidic molecule leading to the further decreased redox potential at the rusticyanin midpoint resulted into the improved electron transfer from the Rcy to Cyc1 . This will also cause the increased electron transfer rate to heme A. In the case of converting histidine 54 to isoleucine, an electrostatic imidazole loop changed into an amino acid with the root of R with lack of charge which leads to the formation of a stronger hydrogen bond between the two amino acids. Therefore, probably the electron transfers between Cyc1 and CcO is improved through a water molecule (W79) leading to increased bioleaching rate.
