Behzad Laamerad*
Volume 1, Issue 1 , October 2012, , Pages 1-11
Abstract
Cellulase products usage in industry is in demand considerably. This enzyme is used in paper, paint, oil and textile industries. Cellulase can convert cellulose to glucose and then glucose can be converted to ethanol which this process can be replaced with fossil fuels. Cellulose is a polysaccharide ...
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Cellulase products usage in industry is in demand considerably. This enzyme is used in paper, paint, oil and textile industries. Cellulase can convert cellulose to glucose and then glucose can be converted to ethanol which this process can be replaced with fossil fuels. Cellulose is a polysaccharide that can be renewable and may be in future providing fuel for transportation. Cellulase converts cellulose to soluble sugars. One of the most extensively studied organisms is the soft rot fungus Trichoderma reesei. This fungus produces a complete set of cellulolytic enzymes that are able to cleave β- 1, 4- glycosidic bonds present in cellulose or cellulose derivatives. One of the key enzymes in the multi- enzyme complexes is endoglucanase which is purified from different method. By using the butanol to concentrate this enzyme, we obtained remarkable active enzyme. The amount of cellobiohydrolases are much more than the concentration of endoglucanases (mentioned by several articles) in Trichoderma reesei. In this experiment, we could obtain the concentration of endoglucanases 20% more than cellobiohydrolases.
A. Aminizade; M. Abbasnejad
Volume 1, Issue 2 , November 2012, , Pages 1-10
L. D alali Isfahani; R. Monajemi; L. Amjad
Volume 1, Issue 3 , November 2012, , Pages 1-6
Zahra zamani
Volume 1, Issue 4 , July 2014, , Pages 1-8
parvin Khodarahmi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 1-6
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The association between ABO blood groups and Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence is still controversial. We aimed to study the association between ABO/Rh antigens and IgG seropositivity in an Iranian adult population for the first time. Blood samples of 300 healthy young adults aging 18-30 years ...
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ABSTRACT
The association between ABO blood groups and Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence is still controversial. We aimed to study the association between ABO/Rh antigens and IgG seropositivity in an Iranian adult population for the first time. Blood samples of 300 healthy young adults aging 18-30 years were collected for H. pylori antibody detection and ABO/Rhesus blood group antigen typing. 51.2%, 49.5%, 52.5% and 60.0 % of cases with blood groups O, A, B and AB were seropositive, respectively. The frequency of seropositivity was not statistically different among the four blood groups (P=0.843). No association was found between seropositivity and either Rh antigen (P=0.850) or gender (P=0.377). Seropositive individuals were significantly older than seronegative ones (24.48±3.72 years vs. 23.25±3.88 years; P =0.006). There was a sharp increase in the prevalence of seropositivity in the 21-24 year age group compared to the 18-21 year age group and in the 27-30 year age group compared to 24-27 year age group. Adults in Iran seem to be more prone to new H. pylori infection in the beginning and the end of their twenties than the years in between.
Mokhtar Fathi; T. Tanha
Volume 2, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 1-6
Abstract
A study with 160 one-day age male broilers (Ross 308) was for six week period, conducted to investigate the some blood parameters, and plasma thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) of broiler chickens with cold induced pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS). Chicks in 2 groups of 4 replicates were studied ...
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A study with 160 one-day age male broilers (Ross 308) was for six week period, conducted to investigate the some blood parameters, and plasma thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) of broiler chickens with cold induced pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS). Chicks in 2 groups of 4 replicates were studied in each group20 chicks for each replicate were used. One group set as control (healthy) group and reared under normal temperature, second group set as PHS group and reared under cold temperature. At the end of the experiment (day 42), 2 chicks from each replicate were randomly selected bled and slaughtered. The heart was removed and the right ventricle was dissected away. The ratio of right ventricle weight to total ventricle weight (RV/TV) was calculated. The results showed that hematocrit value, mortality due to ascites, RV/TV index and differential white blood cells count were significantly higher in CT treatment chick (P<0.05). The concentrations of plasma t4 of CT birds were significantly lower than other group birds at day 21 & 42. it is also, The concentrations of plasma t3 of CT birds were significantly higher than other group birds at day 21 (exception day 42) (P<0.05).
roya Mir-Badalzadeh; Zahra shirdel
Volume 2, Issue 3 , January 2014, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
Abstract
Juglon is the most available flavonoide in walnut green skin and its antidiabetic effects has attracted researchers in the recent years. The aim of this study is to investigation of J.regia husk hydroalcoholic extract on biochemical blood parameters in diabetic rats. In present study, 40 male ...
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Abstract
Juglon is the most available flavonoide in walnut green skin and its antidiabetic effects has attracted researchers in the recent years. The aim of this study is to investigation of J.regia husk hydroalcoholic extract on biochemical blood parameters in diabetic rats. In present study, 40 male rats divided in 4 groups. 1 (normal saline) was treated by saline. 2 (control) was treated by alloxan monohydrate. 3 (extract) included diabetic rats that received hydro-alcoholic extract of J.regia. 4 (glibenclamide) included diabetic rats that received glibenclamide. The results showed significant reduction of glucose– triglyceride and LDL levels in group 3 in comparison with group 2 (P<0.001). The extract also could increase HDL levels significantly compared with group 2 (P<0.001). According to the results of the present study, the extract of walnut green skin has a certain antidiabetic effect and reduces the blood glucose, lipoproteins TG, LDL, and increases the blood HDL. However to determine the exact mechanism needs to be broader studies.
Keywords: J. regia hydroalcoholic extract, Diabetes mellitus, Glibenclamide, Rat.
Fisheries
S. Pourmozaffar1* S. Pourmozaffar1*; *, M. Nafisi Bahabadi *, M. Nafisi Bahabadi; , A. A. Movahedinia , A. A. Movahedinia; M. Mohammady M. Mohammady; Kh. Pazir5 Kh. Pazir5
Volume 2, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
Abstract Thepurpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of salinity adaptation on some growth factors, hematology and chloride cell changes in the gills of the rainbow trout within 60 days.Experimental groups include fresh water, varied salinities of 15, 20 and 25 parts per thousand (ppt) respectively. ...
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Abstract Thepurpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of salinity adaptation on some growth factors, hematology and chloride cell changes in the gills of the rainbow trout within 60 days.Experimental groups include fresh water, varied salinities of 15, 20 and 25 parts per thousand (ppt) respectively. The results showed that increasing salinity was reduced daily growth and SGR but FCR increased (P
M Fathi; T Tanha
Volume 3, Issue 1 , January 2015, , Pages 1-6
Abstract
Two hundred forty 1-d-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 4 replicates. From d 14, the diets were supplemented with CoQ10 at levels of 0, 20, and 40 mg/kg, respectively. From d 14 to 42, all the chicks were exposed to low ambient temperature (10 to 15°C) to ...
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Two hundred forty 1-d-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 4 replicates. From d 14, the diets were supplemented with CoQ10 at levels of 0, 20, and 40 mg/kg, respectively. From d 14 to 42, all the chicks were exposed to low ambient temperature (10 to 15°C) to induce Ascites. Mortality was inspected to determine cause of death and diagnosis of PHS. For evaluation of antioxidant status, the parameters that were determined in plasma and liver. (GPX, SOD, TAS and MDA). Sampling of blood and liver tissue were determined at d 21 and 42. At end of the experiment (wk 6), 2 chicks from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered. The heart was removed; the right ventricle was dissected away from the left ventricle and septum then RV/TV calculated. The results showed that mortality due to Ascites was reduced by CoQ10 supplementation (P10 compared with the control, but no significant changes were observed on SOD activity and TAS. RV/TV was significantly decreased by 40 mg/kg CoQ10 supplementation (PP>0.05).
SH. GHAZANFARI; H. SEPEHRI MOGHADDAM; K. NOBARI
Volume 3, Issue 2 , March 2015, , Pages 1-9
Abstract
The aim of present research was to study influence of different levels of threonine amino acid (equal to requirements of NRC (1994), average of NRC (1994) requirements and ROSS (2007), requirements ROSS (2007) and more than requirements of ROSS (2007)) and age after hatching on interleukin-8 (IL8) gene ...
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The aim of present research was to study influence of different levels of threonine amino acid (equal to requirements of NRC (1994), average of NRC (1994) requirements and ROSS (2007), requirements ROSS (2007) and more than requirements of ROSS (2007)) and age after hatching on interleukin-8 (IL8) gene expression in intestinal tissue in broiler chickens. Threonine requirements in accordance with the recommendations ROSS (2007) are 14% higher than NRC (1994). In the first experiment, effect of threonine on IL8 gene expression in the jejunum in Ross male broilers and also in the second experiment, effect of age on IL8 gene expression was studied after hatching. In the first experiment, different levels of threonine were: 1) 0.8%, 2) 0.87, 3) 0.94 % and 4) 1.01%. At 14 days, one bird from each replicate was killed and the jejunum tissue samples were obtained. In the second experiment, from first experiment 1 treatment that level of threonine amino acid diet was 0.8%, at 1, 3, 6 and 9 days, a bird killed and jejunum tissue samples were obtained in accordance with first experiment. Trizol kit was used for RNA extraction. Then remove genomic remnants and cDNA was synthesized. Realtime PCR reactions using primers and SYBR Green kit was performed. Experiments results showed that IL8 mRNA expression in jejunum tissue increased during the first 14 days of live chickens with increase threonine amino acid level until 0.94 percentage diet (P<0.0001) and also with age increase (P<0.01).
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 February 2015
Abstract
Abstract The altered or mutated forms of genes known as proto-oncogenes are responsible for promoting cell growth and uncontrolled cell proliferation. An accumulation of many mutations in different and specific genes,over time is required to cause cancer. The pattern of gene expression, also called molecular ...
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Abstract The altered or mutated forms of genes known as proto-oncogenes are responsible for promoting cell growth and uncontrolled cell proliferation. An accumulation of many mutations in different and specific genes,over time is required to cause cancer. The pattern of gene expression, also called molecular signature is unique to a particular class of tumor or tumor cell. This paper describes the latest technique for monitoring the expression of a panel of cancer-specific genes. The PCR technique combines the quantitative performance of SYBR® Green-based real-time PCR is widely used for gene profiling. This technique is cost-effective, easy-to-use, and focuses only on the genes that you desire. In this study the expression of our target genes were quantitatively determined in five human cancer cell lines. We selected gene β-actin as our reference gene. Cells were lysed and the mRNAs were extracted using the RNA Purification Kit and cleaned up with Qiagen RNeasy spin columns. The first-strand cDNA was synthesized according to the High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit protocol. RT-PCR were performed with Gene Expression Assays in an AB step one plus Sequence Detection System. Briefly the expression of p53 was high in both breast cancer cell lines, MCF7, T47-D and lung cancer cells, A549. Src expression was higher in prostate cell line, PC3 and lung cancer cells, A549. Meanwhile SKOV3 (ovarian cancer cell line) showed high expression of her-2 gene. The results clearly show that the expression pattern of this panel of genes was unique to almost every cell line examined.
P. Boloori; R. Haji Hosseini; R. Shekh-Nejad; M. Hamedani; M. Sajadi; Z. Farsad
Volume 3, Issue 3 , May 2015, , Pages 1-12
Abstract
Abstract The altered or mutated forms of genes known as proto-oncogenes are responsible for promoting cell growth and uncontrolled cell proliferation. An accumulation of many mutations in different and specific genes,over time is required to cause cancer. The pattern of gene expression, also called ...
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Abstract The altered or mutated forms of genes known as proto-oncogenes are responsible for promoting cell growth and uncontrolled cell proliferation. An accumulation of many mutations in different and specific genes,over time is required to cause cancer. The pattern of gene expression, also called molecular signature is unique to a particular class of tumor or tumor cell. This paper describes the latest technique for monitoring the expression of a panel of cancer-specific genes. The PCR technique combines the quantitative performance of SYBR® Green-based real-time PCR is widely used for gene profiling. This technique is cost-effective, easy-to-use, and focuses only on the genes that you desire. In this study the expression of our target genes were quantitatively determined in five human cancer cell lines. We selected gene β-actin as our reference gene. Cells were lysed and the mRNAs were extracted using the RNA Purification Kit and cleaned up with Qiagen RNeasy spin columns. The first-strand cDNA was synthesized according to the High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit protocol. RT-PCR were performed with Gene Expression Assays in an AB step one plus Sequence Detection System. Briefly the expression of p53 was high in both breast cancer cell lines, MCF7, T47-D and lung cancer cells, A549. Src expression was higher in prostate cell line, PC3 and lung cancer cells, A549. Meanwhile SKOV3 (ovarian cancer cell line) showed high expression of her-2 gene. The results clearly show that the expression pattern of this panel of genes was unique to almost every cell line examined.
T. Ghanbari; R. Abdi; M. Bahmani; R. Kazemi; A. Savari
Volume 3, Issue 4 , July 2015, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
Abstract In this study, cartilage tissue of vertebral column and dorsal fin of 40 days, 70 days, one and 4 years old of Persian sturgeon after preparation were fixed in buen fixative. Then rutin procedure of histology examination were done and paraffin blocks cut at 6 microne and then stained ...
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Abstract In this study, cartilage tissue of vertebral column and dorsal fin of 40 days, 70 days, one and 4 years old of Persian sturgeon after preparation were fixed in buen fixative. Then rutin procedure of histology examination were done and paraffin blocks cut at 6 microne and then stained with H&E, Safranin-O and Verhoff staining. In photomicrographs were compared cell structure and compounds of substance grounds in cartilage tissues. It showed that perichondrium layer of dorsal fin was more advanced from perichondrium layer of vertebral column and their componants were different. Microscopic masurement of two cartilage tissue showed the cells of dorsal fin were larger than the cells of vertebral column but in cells number,decrised with physiological maturation. Comparative study of volume of extracellular matrix and number of isogenous groups by SPSS software showed that growth of cartilage tissue of vertebral column was interstitial but in dorsal fin was appositional.
Kazem Parivar; Nasim Hayati Roodbari; Alireza Badiei; Roghiyeh Taghizadeh Hajiagha
Volume 4, Issue 1 , September 2015, , Pages 1-10
Abstract
Abstract Increase in the use of nano zinc oxide in medicine, manufacturing cosmetic products and research, have raised the questions about their toxicity. Zinc has direct role in growth, maturation and ovulation through influence on production of estradiol and progesterone. In this study the effects ...
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Abstract Increase in the use of nano zinc oxide in medicine, manufacturing cosmetic products and research, have raised the questions about their toxicity. Zinc has direct role in growth, maturation and ovulation through influence on production of estradiol and progesterone. In this study the effects of nano zinc oxide on oogenesis of adult NMRI mouse strain have been investigated. The adult female mice were randomly divided into six groups, including control, sham and four experimental groups. Experimental groups were injected nano-ZnO (50-100-150-300 mg/kgbw) Intraperito-neally, respectively for 3 days. After 7 day, histological changes of ovaries were studied. Data indicated increase of numbers of Graafian follicles and corpora lutea in 100 and 150 mg/kg bw doses. Increase in estradiol and progestron levels with increase on dose was observed. Data indicated increase of numbers of atretic follicles with decreased body weight in higher doses. Results indicated oogenesis under 100 and 150 doses nano-Zno has improved with enhancing the number of Graafian follicles and corpora lutea, and decrease of body weight and increase of number of atretic follicles under higher doses. The results also indicated that nano-Zno has toxic effects on reproductive organs in female animal.
Shahla Roozbahani; Fatemeh Alipourfard
Volume 4, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 1-6
Abstract
Cytotoxic effect of extract leaves of T. kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen on Human Lang Cell. T. kotschyanus BOISS. & Hohen was used in traditional medicine such as anti-inflammation, antispasmodic and gastrointestinal aim of this study was to survey the cytotoxic effects the of ethanol of leave of ...
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Cytotoxic effect of extract leaves of T. kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen on Human Lang Cell. T. kotschyanus BOISS. & Hohen was used in traditional medicine such as anti-inflammation, antispasmodic and gastrointestinal aim of this study was to survey the cytotoxic effects the of ethanol of leave of thymus kotschyanus on A-549 cell line. T. kotschyanus was collected on spring 2014 from Selseleh regions of Lorestan province leaves plant for 3 days at room temperature. Dried herd powder was and extract ethanol. After preparing extract 25, 50, 100, 20, 500 μg/ml concentration for extract leveas T. kotschyanus on the cells were evaluated for 7 2 hours. Cytotoxic effects of T. kotschyanus extract leveas T. kotschyanus against cancer cell was measured by using SPSS. Results shows that, the extracts leaves ethanol T. kotschyanus has cytotoxic effects on A-549 cell lien. The finding suggest that extracts ethanol leaves T. kotschyanus to existence phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids has an inhibitory effect on the A-549 cell line.
H Khandan Barani; M Miri; H. A. Dahmardeh
Volume 4, Issue 3 , January 2016, , Pages 1-11
Abstract
Abstract Pollution is a world problem with serious consequences. Heavy metals are an important group of these contaminants and enter aquatic ecosystems from anthropogenic and natural sources and animal health and systems are affected. In this study, the effect of lead exposure (3 mg/l concentration, ...
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Abstract Pollution is a world problem with serious consequences. Heavy metals are an important group of these contaminants and enter aquatic ecosystems from anthropogenic and natural sources and animal health and systems are affected. In this study, the effect of lead exposure (3 mg/l concentration, 30 days) on activity of tissue enzymes, including acetyl cholinesterase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) In liver, gills, brain and muscle were studied in Snow trout (Schizothorax zarudnyi). The results showed that lead caused a significant inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase in the gills and brain as compared to control group (p˂0/05). The activity of ALT was increased significantly in the liver and brain homogenates following lead acetate exposure (p˂0/05). A significant increase in AST activity was observed in the liver and brain (p˂0/05). Moreover, LDH and ALP activity were increased significantly following lead acetate exposure only in the liver (p˂0/05). According to this, lead exposure in Snow trout leads to interactions between these metal and biological systems, which could affect metabolic enzyme activities in some tissues.The enzyme activity by lead did not follow the same pattern of increase or decrease and different results were based on enzymes and tissue. Therefore, monitoring of enzymatic profiles in tissues of Snow trout could be useful for identification of overall fish health and organ dysfunction following lead exposure.
Lida Momeni; Sadegh Farhadian; Behzad Shareghi
Volume 4, Issue 4 , May 2016, , Pages 1-9
Abstract
Abstract Adsorption of proteins on inorganic surfaces may lead to structural and functional changes that are dependent on both the nature of the adsorbed proteins and the physicochemical properties of the inorganic surfaces. Chicken egg white lysozyme (E.C 3.2.1.17, MW=14.6 kDa) is a small globular protein, ...
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Abstract Adsorption of proteins on inorganic surfaces may lead to structural and functional changes that are dependent on both the nature of the adsorbed proteins and the physicochemical properties of the inorganic surfaces. Chicken egg white lysozyme (E.C 3.2.1.17, MW=14.6 kDa) is a small globular protein, that consists of 129 amino acid residues with four disulfide bonds. The aim of this study was the survey of the stability and structure of Chicken egg white lysozyme against ZnO nano through thermal stability, fluorescence and spectroscopy and enzyme activity assay in the absence or presence of ZnO nano particle at pH 7.0. The obtained results indicated that thermal stability and activity of lysozyme decreased with increase in ZnO nanoparticles concentration. Moreover, it was observed that ZnO Nano particle quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of lysozyme. The interaction studies of ZnO nanoparticles and lysozyme show that not only water and solvent molecules can effect on 3D structure of lysozyme and protein but also play an important role in adsorption nanoparticles.
Behzad Shareghi; Maryam Kazemi Nafchi
Volume 5, Issue 1 , September 2016, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
Abstract Peroxidases are a group of oxidoreductases that are produced by a number of microorganisms and plants, and catalyse the reduction of peroxides. Peroxidases are widely used in clinical biochemistry and enzyme immunoassay. Horseradish peroxidase isoenzyme C (HRP) is one of the characterized peroxidases. ...
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Abstract Peroxidases are a group of oxidoreductases that are produced by a number of microorganisms and plants, and catalyse the reduction of peroxides. Peroxidases are widely used in clinical biochemistry and enzyme immunoassay. Horseradish peroxidase isoenzyme C (HRP) is one of the characterized peroxidases. The structure of the enzyme is largely alpha helical. Kinetics studies of peroxidase enzyme were performed using a spectrophotometer UV-Vis fitted with electronic control system at 35oC and 45oC and pH4 and in the presence ethanol and butanediol. Kinetic parameters show that ethanol and butanediol organic solvents becomes caused the increase of maximum speed (VMAX) and activity of the enzyme. Organic solvents have effect on electrostatic interactions of proteins because their dielectric constant with water is different. In general, reduce properties of polar solvents and decreased dielectric constant becomes caused the increases electrostatic repulsion, leading to the opening of the proteins. Enzymes activity in such organic environments increases stability, activity or facilitate reactions that are difficult to perform in aquatic environments.
Shahriar Saeidian
Volume 5, Issue 2 , December 2016, , Pages 1-11
Abstract
Kinetic properties of root of peroxidase of Gundelia tournefortii investigated at different pH, temperature and different inhibitors. Maximum activity of peroxidase achieved at pH 5.5-6 in according to type of substrate. Activity of peroxidase increased at constant concentration of H2O2 and different ...
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Kinetic properties of root of peroxidase of Gundelia tournefortii investigated at different pH, temperature and different inhibitors. Maximum activity of peroxidase achieved at pH 5.5-6 in according to type of substrate. Activity of peroxidase increased at constant concentration of H2O2 and different concentration of guaiacol, catechol and pyrogallol. The maximum activity in presence of 22mM of guaiacol was earned 2.4 Unit/mg.protein. At constant concentration of guaiacol and different concentration of H2O2, Vmax and Km were 2 Unit/mg.protein and 4 mM respectively. Activity decreased at high concentration of H2O2 so reached to 35% of Vmax at 40 mM. Catalytic efficiency of peroxidase in presence of constant concentrations of guaiacol and H2O2 calculated 0.5 and 0.5 Unit/mg protein mM-1 respectively. Stability of enzyme and maximum of activity was earned at 40 0C. Sodium cyanid and sodium azide showed inhibitory effect on activity with IC50 of 0.008 and 0.4 mM respectively. These results of inhibitors showed that inhibitory effect of Azid is 312 times of inhibitory effect of cyanide. Cyanid is competitive inhibitor of peroxidase in presence of catechol and pyrogallol and noncompetitive inhibitor of enzyme in presence of guaiacol, and Azide is noncompetitive inhibitor of peroxidase of root in gundelia tournefortii in presence of catechol and pyrogallol and uncompetitive inhibitor of enzyme in presence of guaiacol and kojic acid is uncompetitive inhibitor of peroxidase in presence of guaiacol and pyrogallol.
Behzad* shareghi; Sakineh Sadeghi kaji
Volume 5, Issue 3 , March 2017, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
Urease (urea amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.5) catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to produce ammonia and CO2. Kinetics studies have been performed using UV-vis spectrophotometer at 40oC and pHs 5.5, 7.2, 8. Result showed that urease inhibition by hydrogen peroxide is a kinetics pH-dependent, such that inhibition ...
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Urease (urea amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.5) catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to produce ammonia and CO2. Kinetics studies have been performed using UV-vis spectrophotometer at 40oC and pHs 5.5, 7.2, 8. Result showed that urease inhibition by hydrogen peroxide is a kinetics pH-dependent, such that inhibition is maximal on the condition of pH value 8 while the inhibitory effect hydrogen peroxide at pH 5.5 was minimum. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax enzyme obtained from Lineweaver–Burk plot in absence of hydrogen peroxide was 4.52mM and 1.03mM.min-1 respectively .In presence of H2O2, increasing pH leads to decrease Vmax and km. The results showed that in pH 8, boric acid and β-mercaptho ethanol protected urease against hydrogen peroxide. Protectable of β-mercaptho ethanol is more than of boric acid. Such, the results demonstrates that 30 mM boric acid and β-mercaptho ethanol afforded to protect 80% and 90% of urease activity from the loss as compared to the respective control samples
Gilan Attaran-Fariman; Azadeh Beyg-Moradi; Hassan Zadeh-Abbas Shahabadi
Volume 5, Issue 4 , May 2017, , Pages 11-20
Abstract
Brittle stars belonging to family Ophiotrichidae and genus Ophiothrix are of common species in the intertidal zones and coral reefs of tropical region. Members of genus Ophiothrix are well distributed in Chabahar Bay at northern coast of Oman sea. These species morphologically are very simillar to species ...
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Brittle stars belonging to family Ophiotrichidae and genus Ophiothrix are of common species in the intertidal zones and coral reefs of tropical region. Members of genus Ophiothrix are well distributed in Chabahar Bay at northern coast of Oman sea. These species morphologically are very simillar to species of genus Macrophiothrix because of that often separating them based on morphological characteristics is difficult. That is why their accurate classification requires detailed morphological and molecular studies simultaneously. Sampling was taken place in Tis (Chabahar Bay) to study the morphology and Phylogeny of brittle stars based on COI gene sequence. Morphologically, this species has a five-lobed disc, trapezoidal arm plates and rectangular abdominal plates both are granular. Also, according to the results of molecular analysis Ophiothrix sp. With 49% bootstrap is supported in the clade of genus Ophiothrix and shows a monophyletic relationship with members of this genus. Although it is weakly supported, it seems that this species is a new species which due to the lack of studies about brittle stars of this region remains unknown.
Sirous Sadeghian Chaleshtori; Gholam Ali Kojouri; Abdonnaser Mohebbi; Hamid Tavanaeimanesh
Volume 6, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 11-22
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of oral administration of nanoparticles-selenium and selenit sodium on peripheral blood factors in sheep. For the purpose fifteen sheep, were randomly divided to three groups and to groups 1 nanoparticles-selenium (1mg/kg), prepared by selenium ...
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The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of oral administration of nanoparticles-selenium and selenit sodium on peripheral blood factors in sheep. For the purpose fifteen sheep, were randomly divided to three groups and to groups 1 nanoparticles-selenium (1mg/kg), prepared by selenium dioxide reduction using ascorbic acid, to groups 2 selenit sodium (1mg/kg) and to group 3 as control group distilled water were orally given for 10 consecutive days. Then, the blood sample were collected from the jugular vein of all sheep into the tubes containing heparin on days 0,10,20 and 30 and on them were determined the hematological factors including hematocrit, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, white blood cell, platelet and total protein concentration was determined by autoanalyzer. For differential cell counting, after the preparation of candle flame smear, were fixed by methanol and were stained with giemsa for 20 minutes. Then the cells number of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes differential count were by lens 100 of optical microscopy and cedar oil. Statistical analysis in the hematocrit, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, platelets, fibrinogen and total protein showed no significant difference among the three groups on different days. But the survey of the white blood cells count showed a significant increase in group1 on day30 with day 0 and means comparison in group-1 with control group on day 30. Also, the neutrophils count determined a significant increase ingroup 1 on day 30 with day 10 and means comparison in group-1 with two and control groups on day10. The survey of the lymphocytes count showed a significant decrease inmeans comparison in group-1 with two and control groups on day10. The study revealed nanoparticles-selenium compared with sodium selenite increase, the number of white blood cells and neutrophils with greater intensity.
Fardin Shalue; Mozhgan Ekrami; Ruhollah Rahimi; Goodarz Hashemi
Volume 6, Issue 2 , December 2017, , Pages 11-18
Abstract
Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in place of organochlorine, organophosphorus insecticides and carbamates to control various types of pests and are among the most potent insecticides known. Due to the extensive application of deltamethrin and fenvalerate in the agricultural lands of ...
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Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in place of organochlorine, organophosphorus insecticides and carbamates to control various types of pests and are among the most potent insecticides known. Due to the extensive application of deltamethrin and fenvalerate in the agricultural lands of the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in central Iran, this investigation was conducted to determine LC50, NOEC, MAC and LOEC of these pyrethroid insecticides and their effects on behavioral responses and clinical signs of Zagros pupfish, Aphanius vladykovi. For this, groups of seven A. vladykovi in three replicates were exposed to different concentrations of deltamethrin (EC 2.5%) and fenvalerate (EC 20%) for 96 h within the 20 L glass aquaria and cumulative mortality of fish was calculated in 24-h interval. During experiments reaction and behavior of the fish to toxin were observed carefully. The 96h LC50, NOEC, LOEC, MAC values of deltamethrin for A. vladykovi were estimated at 0.015, 0.0001, 0.0005 and 0.0002 ppb, respectively. The 96h LC50, NOEC, LOEC, MAC values of fenvalerate for Zagros pupfish were estimated at 0.021, 0.0005, 0.001 and 0.0007 ppb, respectively. First changes in behavior were observed 15min after exposure to the three highest deltamethrin concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1ppb). The changes in behavioral responses started in the 3 h after dosing of fenvalerate (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 ppb). Based on the results, deltamethrin and fenvalerate were classified as super toxic pesticide for Zagros pupfish and this fact should be taken into consideration when these insecticides were used in agriculture. Biological methods could be used for controlling pets instead of pesticides in order to protect this valuable species.
Amir Arasteh; Zolfaghar Lotfi; Mohammad Fazilati; Habibollah Nazem
Volume 6, Issue 3 , March 2018, , Pages 11-25
Abstract
The urease enzyme (EC.3.5.1.5) is from hydrolase group that catalyzes urea hydrolysis to ammonia and carbon dioxide. This enzyme has various applications in nitrogen metabolism, vaccine preparation, urea diagnosis kits, drinking industries, and so on. In this study, amyloid nano-fibrils from bovine serum ...
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The urease enzyme (EC.3.5.1.5) is from hydrolase group that catalyzes urea hydrolysis to ammonia and carbon dioxide. This enzyme has various applications in nitrogen metabolism, vaccine preparation, urea diagnosis kits, drinking industries, and so on. In this study, amyloid nano-fibrils from bovine serum albumin were used as a new scaffold for immobilizing the urease enzyme. The production of amyloid nano–fibers has been optimized with three techniques of Congord specrophotometry, Spectrofluorimetry and Spectropolarimetry, and the resulting fibrils have been confirmed by electron microscopy images. Then the urease enzyme was immobilized on the amyloid fibrils using glutaraldehyde molecules via cross-linked bridges and their kinetic factors were compared with the free enzyme. The highest amount of amyloid fibrils was obtained after 48 hours incubation of bovine serum albumin at a concentration of 10 mg.ml-1 and 70 ºC in a citrate-phosphate buffer pH 4. The immobilized enzyme had more reusability and stability than the free form and showed a higher activity and a smaller Km. Optimum temperature was improved from 40 ºC to 70 ºC and optimum pH was also improved from 6–7 to 6–9 in immobilized enzyme. In conclusion, amyloid fibrils with different chemical groups have been suitable for immobilization of urea enzyme. Improvement of kinetic properties and stability of urease enzyme by immobilizing on amyloid fibers allows for the widespread use of this enzyme in the related industries.
Saeid Meshkini; Ali Akbar Tafi
Volume 6, Issue 4 , June 2018, , Pages 11-21
Abstract
Abstract The present study was evaluated to determine effects of levamisole on growth and resistance of rainbow trout against density stress. For this purpose 1000 pieces fish (average weight of 150±6 g) were obtained from a local fish farm of Urmia and were divided in 5 test groups (33 kg/m3 ...
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Abstract The present study was evaluated to determine effects of levamisole on growth and resistance of rainbow trout against density stress. For this purpose 1000 pieces fish (average weight of 150±6 g) were obtained from a local fish farm of Urmia and were divided in 5 test groups (33 kg/m3 density) and were fed on diet supplemented with levamisole at 0, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg per kg of diet for a period of 45 days. Then the fishes of all groups were fed on commercial diet without levamisole and were exposed density stress by 2-3 folds for the following 15 days. Biometry of fishes was done every 15 days and growth factors were measured. Results show that high level of levamisole (1000 mg/kg) had the lowest effect on growth factors of fishes. The maximum survival percent of fishes were observed in 500, 250, and 100 mg/kg Levamisole at the end of research and the level 1000 mg/kg Levamisole caused increase mortality of fishes into control group in density stress significantly (P
