animal biosystematic
Soheil Eagderi
Abstract
This study was conducted to survey the morphological variation in four populations of the Urmia kingfish (Alburnus atropatenae) using geometric morphometric technique. A total number of 163 specimens were collected from four rivers of the Urmia Lake basin including the Baneh, Saghezchai, Siminehrood ...
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This study was conducted to survey the morphological variation in four populations of the Urmia kingfish (Alburnus atropatenae) using geometric morphometric technique. A total number of 163 specimens were collected from four rivers of the Urmia Lake basin including the Baneh, Saghezchai, Siminehrood and Zarinehrood by electrofishing. The left side of specimens were photographed using a digital camera. Then fifteen homologous landmark points were selected and digitized on 2D pictures using tpsDig2 software. Landmark data after GPA, analyzed using PCA, CVA with obtained P-value from permutation test and cluster analysis. The patterns of population’s body shape were illustrated in relation to consensus configuration of all specimens. The results showed a significant differences between the body shape of studied populations. Based on cluster analysis, the studied populations according to their body shape were divided into Baneh clad and Saghezchai, Siminehrood and Zarinehrood clade. The Baneh, Saghezchai, and Siminehrood populations have deeper body and are distinguishable due to smaller head, posterior position of eye and shorter base of dorsal fin, respectively and Zarinehrood population was differentiable due to a more fusiform body shape and less body depth. These morphological differences can display ongoing evolutionary trends of studied populations as result of environmental conditions of their habitats and geographical isolation.
Zahra Khodabandeh; Sanaz Alaee; Mahintaj Dara; Maryam Davari; Azizollah Bakhtari
Abstract
Sodium polyacrylate is a material with a high potential for water and moisture absorption. In this study, the effects of this material on the rate of embryo development and the expression of apoptosis-related and antioxidants genes in the blastocyst was evaluated. Adult female mice were superovulated ...
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Sodium polyacrylate is a material with a high potential for water and moisture absorption. In this study, the effects of this material on the rate of embryo development and the expression of apoptosis-related and antioxidants genes in the blastocyst was evaluated. Adult female mice were superovulated by injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and after placing beside adult male mice, zygotes were harvested from oviducts and transferred into media containing 0, 5, 25, and 50 μg/ml sodium polyacrylate. Zygotes were cultured towards the blastocyst stage and the rate of embryo development was assessed. Expression of intended genes were evaluated by real time RT-PCR. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's post hoc toast were used to determine the differences between the means of the groups. The rate of blastocysts was significantly lower in 50 μg/ml compared to the control group (P<0.05). The expression of Bcl-2 increased significantly in 5 μg/ml in comparison to the control group and decreased significantly in 50 μg/ml compared to 5 and 25 μg/ml (P<0.05). The expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in 50 μg/ml increased significantly in comparison to 0, 5, and 25 μg/ml (P<0.05). Therefore, the high concentration of sodium polyacrylate has an adverse effect on the embryo through apoptosis system.
Yazdan Keivany; Sedigheh Mahmoodi; Salar Dorafshan; Mansoureh Malekian
Abstract
So far, 13 species were recently recognized in the Iranian basins. In the present study the variation among A. eichwaldii, A. namaki, A. idignensis, and A. nicolausi, A. qanati A. petrubanarescui has been investigated from morphological and molecular approaches. To study the morphological characteristic, ...
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So far, 13 species were recently recognized in the Iranian basins. In the present study the variation among A. eichwaldii, A. namaki, A. idignensis, and A. nicolausi, A. qanati A. petrubanarescui has been investigated from morphological and molecular approaches. To study the morphological characteristic, 144 specimens of these six species were used, on which 22 morphometrics were measured. Nine meristics characteristics were counted. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), discriminant analysis, and principal component analysis was performed. In the molecular studies, sequences of the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome b from six species were sequenced and analyzed. The morphological results of the data showed a high similarity among species, but could separate A. nicolausi and A. idignensis according to the PC1. Also A. idignensis and A. petrubanarescui are more similar based on the PC2. Moreover, based on meristic characteristics which were relatively similar, again A. nicolausi and A. idignensis could be separated by the first component. The phylogenetic analysis using Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Maximum-Parsimony (MP) methods supported the monophyletic status of the six species, suggesting their status as different species. The results of the molecular analysis showed that A. eichwaldii and A. petrubanarescui have the most similarity (about 99%) and the A. idignensis has the maximum difference (about 85%) with the other species. These results justify the results of morphometric analysis.
Fatemeh Kamali; Saleh Tabatabaei Vakili; Ali Aghaei; Shima Hosseinifar
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on performance, blood and reproductive parameters in Japanese quail. 320 one-day-old quail chicks were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were included 1- untreated ...
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This study was performed to evaluate the effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on performance, blood and reproductive parameters in Japanese quail. 320 one-day-old quail chicks were used in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were included 1- untreated (control), 2- levothyroxine (70 μg / l), 3- propylthiouracil (15 mg / l) and 4- propylthiouracil first and then levothyroxine. Performance parameters were recorded weekly. On day 42 of rearing, one male and one female were selected from each replicate and blood samples were taken to evaluate blood parameters. On day 62 of rearing, the bird's eggs were collected and transferred to the incubator. Food conversion ratio, feed intake and weight gain were not affected by the treatments. In male blood serum, triglyceride concentration in all therapeutic treatments and alanine aminotransferase concentration in propylthiouracil-levothyroxine treatment significantly reduced (P≤0.05). In female birds, blood LDL concentration decreased in levothyroxine treatment compared to control and alanine aminotransferase increased in this treatment compared to other groups (P≤0.05). The highest serum alkaline phosphatase concentration of females was observed in propylthiouracil treatment (P≤0.05). Other blood biochemical parameters and fertility percentage were not affected by the treatments. The lowest percentage of total hatching and hatching of fertile eggs and the highest percentage of embryonic mortality were related to the treatment of propylthiouracil-levothyroxine (P≤0.05). In conclusion, induction of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism with drugs did not have a significant effect on most functional, reproductive and blood parameters in Japanese quail.
Fisheries
Mojtaba Ghorbanpour delavar; Shayan Ghobadi; Saber Vatandoust; Hamed Manouchehri; Reza Changizi
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles are one of the most widely used compounds among nanoparticles that have wide applications in various fields and thus increase their release into the environment and their potential impact on various organisms, especially aquatic organisms in the aquatic ecosystem. Nanoparticles ...
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Metal oxide nanoparticles are one of the most widely used compounds among nanoparticles that have wide applications in various fields and thus increase their release into the environment and their potential impact on various organisms, especially aquatic organisms in the aquatic ecosystem. Nanoparticles have high chemical and biological reactivity by increasing their surface to volume ratio, which leads to increased production of free radicals. The produced free radicals disrupt the oxidation and natural regeneration of the body's cells and cause oxidative damage in organisms and many diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative effect of nickel nanoparticles in Carassius auratus that could open a new horizon in relation to the challenges in aquatic environments. The study groups include the control group and the treatment group with nickel nanoparticles. Each treatment with three replications each included 12 fish per replication. At the end of the period, liver samples were isolated and collected for oxidative damage. Total antioxidant levels, MDA, glutathione and the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase were measured in all groups. The results showed that treatment with nickel oxide nanoparticles decreased the level of total anti oxidants and increased the level of MDA in the group treated with nickel oxide nanoparticles. These results showed strong evidence of inducted of cellular oxidative stress induced by exposure to nickel oxide nanoparticles. Also, by comparing the control treatments and the treatment of nickel oxide nanoparticles, it can be concluded that long-term exposure to nickel oxide nanoparticles can aggravate oxidative damage to fish liver tissue.
Veterinary
Jafar Pish Jang Aghajeri; Ghader Najafi; Parsa Pish Jang Aghajari; Fatemeh Mohammad Goli Famiyan; Elnaz Mehri
Abstract
Heat stress causes significant economic losses in poultry production and leads to the reduction of several physiological and metabolic factors. This research was conducted in order to investigate the allelic and genotypic polymorphisms of the gene involved in heat stress (HSP90β) in Marandi indigenous, ...
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Heat stress causes significant economic losses in poultry production and leads to the reduction of several physiological and metabolic factors. This research was conducted in order to investigate the allelic and genotypic polymorphisms of the gene involved in heat stress (HSP90β) in Marandi indigenous, broiler and laying chickens using PCR-RFLP technique. Randomly, blood was taken from 300 chicken and genomic DNA was extracted by salting out method. Amplification of the desired gene locus with a length of 494 bp was performed using specific primers and MspI enzyme was used to identify the mutation in the desired gene locus. After enzymatic digestion, two genotypes M1M1 and M1M2 and two alleles M1 (with a band of 494 bp) and M2 (with two bands of 248 bp and 246 bp) were identified for the HSP90β marker locus. Marandi indigenous and broiler chicken masses were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. For Marandi indigenous and broiler chicken populations, the Shannon information index at the HSP90β marker locus was 0.25 and 0.40, the fixation index is -0.07 and -0.16, and the observed heterozygosity index was 0.14 and 0.28, respectively. Due to the presence of polymorphism and mutation in the studied gene locus, it can be used in the Marandi indigenous and broiler chickens by genetic selection with the help of this marker to eliminate heat-sensitive chickens and keep heat-resistant chickens.
Bioinformatics
Shamim Khandan Alamdari; Somayeh Farahmand; Reza Haji Hosseini; Gholamreza Bakhshi khaniki
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, and high-risk HPV types cause about five percent of all cancers worldwide. The chemical drugs used to treat this disease are expensive and have many side effects. Therefore, the use of herbal medicines is increasing. ...
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, and high-risk HPV types cause about five percent of all cancers worldwide. The chemical drugs used to treat this disease are expensive and have many side effects. Therefore, the use of herbal medicines is increasing. In this regard, the E6 protein, which is a key protein in the initiation of cervical cancer and plays a role in the degradation of P53, was selected as an essential drug target. In this research, two new potential inhibitors named beta-sitosterol (CID_222284) and loncocarpenin (CID_54699185) were identified as potent inhibitors of E6 HPV-16 from the PubChem library by high-throughput virtual screening. Molecular dynamics results show that these compounds bind to E6 protein with high stability. The preparation of ADMET and Swiss ADME profiles indicates that the identified compounds are probably potential candidates against E6 HPV-16 and can be used in chemotherapy by inhibiting the Pgp channel as an adjuvant drug.
Veterinary
Parvaneh Pakzad; Saleh Tabatabaei Vakili; Morteza Mamouei; Jamal Fayazi
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the effect of injection of PMSG and GnRH hormones on reproductive performance of Arabi ewes in the breeding season. 75 ewes were divided into 5 groups. The first group had no estrus synchronization program and no hormonal injection (control). Vaginal progesterone ...
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The present study was performed to investigate the effect of injection of PMSG and GnRH hormones on reproductive performance of Arabi ewes in the breeding season. 75 ewes were divided into 5 groups. The first group had no estrus synchronization program and no hormonal injection (control). Vaginal progesterone sponge (MAP) was inserted into other groups for 14 days. Simultaneously with the withdrawal of sponge, they were treated with: 1- injection of 500 IU of PMSG, 2- injection of 100 micrograms of GnRH, 3- injection of 500 IU of PMSG plus 100 micrograms of GnRH and 4- without injection (MAP only). One healthy and fertile Arabi ram was assigned to each of the 5 ewes. Estrous behavior of ewes was recorded for 7 days. The estrous response, return to estrus, pregnancy length, lambing rate, prolificacy rate, fecundity rate and the ratio of the birth of male and female lambs, were not affected by treatments. Injection of PMSG and GnRH were able to reduce the time of estrus onset coMAPred to sponge treatment alone (P<0.05). The birth weight and weight of 30, 60 and 90 days in lambs, although were affected by the treatments (P<0.05), but no obvious effect of hormone injection was observed on these parameters. In general, the injection of PMSG and GnRH in the estrus synchronization program of Arabi ewes, although was an effective method in estrus onset time, but could not have a significant effect on the other reproductive performances of the animal during the breeding season.
Khalideh Azari; Abdolghaffar Ownagh; Karim Mardani
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify fimbria, fluroquinolone and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) resistant genes in Escherichia coli isolated from buffalo feces. In this study, a number of 384 buffalo feces from different regions of west Azerbaijan and in different seasons were randomly collected. ...
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The present study aimed to identify fimbria, fluroquinolone and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs) resistant genes in Escherichia coli isolated from buffalo feces. In this study, a number of 384 buffalo feces from different regions of west Azerbaijan and in different seasons were randomly collected. Fecal samples were cultured and E. coli were investigated using biochemical method. Polymerase chain reaction was employed to identify fimbria genes (fimA, crl and csgA), tsh gene, floroqinulone (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M) resistance genes. A number of 115 (29.9%) fecal samples were positive for E. coli. The frequency of the positive fecal for E. coli from northern region were significantly lower than central and southern regions (P<0.05). The frequency of positive fecal samples for E. coli did not differ between seasons. The frequency of fimbria genes fimA, crl and csgA were 79.1%, 72.1% and 74.7% respectively. tsh gene had the lowest frequency in E. coil isolates. Among fluroquinolone and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance genes, qnrS gene had the lowest (6.0%) and blaTEM had the highest (13.9%) frequencies. The results revealed that E. coli was isolated from less than one third of fecal samples. Fimbria genes had almost similar frequencies among E. coli isolates and antibiotic resistance genes were exist in less than 14% of E. coli isolates from buffalo feces. The investigation of antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli originated from animals is of great epidemiological and public health importance.
Fariba Yaghmori; Reza Hajihosseini; Seyed Mehrdad Kassaee; Bahram Sefizarei
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic body reaction to invasive microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi It has also been a systemic response to severe infections it is one of the top ten main causes of death among all patients admitted to the hospital. Multiple potential drug therapies have been investigated, ...
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Sepsis is a systemic body reaction to invasive microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi It has also been a systemic response to severe infections it is one of the top ten main causes of death among all patients admitted to the hospital. Multiple potential drug therapies have been investigated, but as yet there is no known effective pharmacological treatment for sepsis. Therefore, the effect of aspirin as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in the treatment and reduction of sepsis effects on parameters involved in oxidative damage to liver tissue has been investigated. For this purpose, the experimental inflammatory model was used in this study, so that the mice were divided into four groups (4 people). The first group - control group, the second group-LAP group (laparotomy), the third group-CLP group; Group 4 - Aspirin treatment group with a dose of 2 mg / kg body weight orally once a day for 48 hours after induction of CLP in rats and blood samples were collected from their hearts. In the next step, the animals are killed and the liver tissue is separated for histological and biochemical studies. Separated liver tissue, to test for COX2 gene expression; The Real-Time pCR technique was used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and Anova test. p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Our results showed that the treatment of animals with aspirin is effective in regulating antioxidant and inflammatory parameters. Also, the findings indicate that in liver tissue, aspirin has the greatest effect on reducing gene expression. Pathological studies have also shown that sepsis causes damage to liver tissue that can be reduced by these methods. Finally, sepsis causes oxidative damage to liver tissue and the use of aspirin is effective in preventing and improving these injuries.
Mokhtar Fathi; Taimour Tanha; Naji Ahmadi
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of prebiotic (Fermacto) on performance and some blood parameters of broiler chicks under induced ascites. 240-old chicks from Ross 308 strain were randomly divided into three treatments and each treatment was divided into four ...
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of prebiotic (Fermacto) on performance and some blood parameters of broiler chicks under induced ascites. 240-old chicks from Ross 308 strain were randomly divided into three treatments and each treatment was divided into four replicates. The dietary treatments included: control and two levels (2 and 4 g/kg feed) of prebiotic (Fermacto). For ascites induction, all birds received 1.5 grams salt per liter from day 6 to day 13. The relative weight of the intestines was measured relative to the body weight at end of experiment. The birds of the negative treatments were subjected to an induction program. Prebiotic supplements were added to the feed from the 12th day of the experiment. Both prebiotic levels significantly reduced feed intake & reduced feed conversion and increased weight gain in comparison with control treatment (P<0.05). Both prebiotic levels significantly decreased the hemoglobin, red blood cells, protein and hematocrit in birds were induced ascites (P<0.05). Both prebiotic levels significantly decreased ascites and RV / TV index (P<0.05). The results of intestinal morphology indicated that the weight of the intestines (dissected from below the gizzard to the ileal cecal junction) was not significantly different between the experimental groups. in Conclusion, it is possible to successfully use a 2gg/kg diet of prebiotic (Fermacto) in broiler chickens as an effective factor in reducing functional problems and ascites mortality.
Fereshteh Fallah Digsara; Amir Arasteh
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is a plant of the legume family and one of the most important oil plants. Soybean is rich in various proteins and phytochemicals, especially isoflavones. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and inhibitory effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of soybean seed on ...
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Soybean (Glycine max) is a plant of the legume family and one of the most important oil plants. Soybean is rich in various proteins and phytochemicals, especially isoflavones. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and inhibitory effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of soybean seed on acetyl cholinesterase and production of amyloid nanobiofibrils in bovine serum albumin protein as a model protein. First, the yellow soybean seeds was powdered, then its hydro-alcoholic extract was prepared. The extracts composition were obtained by GC-MS spectroscopy. Anti-Alzheimer's effects were performed by measuring antioxidant activity by DPPH method, Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by ellman method and inhibition of the production of amyloid nanobiofibrils by congored absorption method. Transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the presence of amyloid fibrils. The presence of genistein active component in yellow soybean seed extract was confirmed by 2.97% and palmitic and linoleic acids by 3.11 and 10.69%, respectively. Investigation of antioxidant activity of soybean extract in different doses showed that with increasing the concentration of the extract, the percentage of antioxidant activity also increases. Investigation of acetylcholinesterase inhibition using a substrate analogue called acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCI) showed that with increasing the concentration of the extract, the amount of enzyme inhibition increases. The amounts of extract at high concentrations reduced the production of amyloid nanofibrils. This was confirmed by electron microscope images.Yellow soybeans, with their good antioxidant and inhibitory effects on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, can be a good candidate for reducing the side effects of Alzheimer's.
Shahriar Saeidian; Zahra Baghaei Far; Zivar Parvanak; Mokhtar Fathi
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for about 10% of all cancers in the world and accounts for 30% of all cancers in women. Therefore, its early detection will play an important role in its treatment. Because lncRNAs are expressed differently in cancerous tissues than in normal tissues, they increase the potential ...
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Breast cancer accounts for about 10% of all cancers in the world and accounts for 30% of all cancers in women. Therefore, its early detection will play an important role in its treatment. Because lncRNAs are expressed differently in cancerous tissues than in normal tissues, they increase the potential of these molecules as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Also, changes in the expression of lncRNAs in patients with different types of cancer subtypes and different races intensify the importance of using these molecules as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of GAS5, NEAT1 and SRA lncRNAs in cancer specimens with cancer and in healthy individuals. In this study, from the tumor tissue of 22 patients with breast cancer and also 22 samples of healthy tissue from individuals under the direct supervision of a pathologist and according to clinical signs and laboratory findings were collected from hospitals in Isfahan. After RNA extraction from tumor and normal tissue, cDNA was fabricated according to RT-qPCR method. The lncRNA expression level of GAS5, NEAT1 and SRA genes was calculated by ∆∆CT method. The expression pattern was analyzed using Rest 2009 software as well as SPSS version 16. Real Time Reverse transcription-PCR results showed that the mean relative gene expression in tumor samples was significantly lower for GAS5 and NEAT1 lncRNAs than normal samples. But no expression change was observed for lncRNA SRA.
Zahra Adeli; Majid Rajabian; Hamid Sobhanian; Zahra Zamani
Abstract
Ovarian cancer happens as the result of change in gene and molecular metabolites. Because of chemotherapy side effects in cancer treatment such as drug resistance, using of complementary therapy with herbal and their derivatives is increased. This study evaluates anti-tumor effects of vitexin on AHRI, ...
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Ovarian cancer happens as the result of change in gene and molecular metabolites. Because of chemotherapy side effects in cancer treatment such as drug resistance, using of complementary therapy with herbal and their derivatives is increased. This study evaluates anti-tumor effects of vitexin on AHRI, p53 and Kras genes expression by Real time PCR. Also metabolite changes due to these variations are measured by 1D NOESY, 1 HNMR. SKOV3 cells treated whit different concentrations of vitexin and determined IC50 by MTT assay. The IC50 was measured as 520µg /ml. Then RNA extracting and building of cDNA done to determine level of genes expression changes. Metabolites extracted by water, chloroformed and methanol and lyophilized samples evaluated by 1HNMR. The expression of AHRI and p53 tumor suppressor genes in the treated cells increased by 1.93 and 1.76 times, respectively, and the expression of Kras oncogene gene decreased by 0.23 times. Maximum changes in metabolites pathways observed in Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, Biotin, cysteine, methionine, branch amino acids, lysine metabolism, and steroids biosynthesis. Vitexin shows its anti-tumor effects by targeting of several biochemical pathways and reload of metabolites by change in genes which have roll in ovarian cancer. So to confirm this study more evaluations in pathway signaling is needed.
Seyed Reza Pourrabie
Abstract
Diabetes disrupts processes related to learning, memory, and cognition. Considering the potential anti-diabetic effect of the medicinal plant turmeric (curcumin) and its enhancing effect on memory and learning, in this research, the effect of inter peritoneal administration of the curcumin on learning ...
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Diabetes disrupts processes related to learning, memory, and cognition. Considering the potential anti-diabetic effect of the medicinal plant turmeric (curcumin) and its enhancing effect on memory and learning, in this research, the effect of inter peritoneal administration of the curcumin on learning and memory in diabetic rats was investigated. In this study, the male rats were divided into five groups: control, control treated with curcumin 50 mg / kg, diabetic and diabetic treated with curcumin 10 and 50 mg/kg. Curcumin was administered for five weeks after seven days of streptozotocin 60mg/kg interparietal injection and the passive avoidance task was assessed through the operation. Streptozotocin injection significantly increased blood glucose and markedly decreased both STL1 (the short memory) and STL2 (the long memory) in the avoidance learning test. Chronic administration of curcumin as an active ingredient in turmeric significantly increased short-term and long-term memory in the diabetic groups. Therefore, chronic use of cinacurcumin reduced memory and learning impairment and enhanced the capability of memory and recall in diabetic rats.
Najibeh Sheidaei; Raheleh Shakeri
Abstract
Cancer is a disease that results from the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The most common treatment methods of breast cancer are surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which each have adverse side effects for patients. In ...
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Cancer is a disease that results from the uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The most common treatment methods of breast cancer are surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which each have adverse side effects for patients. In this way, efforts are being made to identify new chemotherapeutic compounds that have fewer side effects or reduce their side effects on normal cells. Saffron has been considered by researchers in cancer treatment due to its various medicinal compounds. In this study, according to various reports on the anti-cancer effect of saffron, the anti-cancer properties of cultivated saffron in different regions of Iran was investigated against two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). First, aqueous and methanolic extracts were prepared from the samples and then their cytotoxic effect at different concentrations on the viability of both cell lines at 48 and 72 hours was investigated by MTT assay. The results showed that these extracts did not have a significant cytotoxic effect on the MDA-MB-231 cell line, but the effect of these extracts on the MCF-7 cell line was becoming evident at higher concentrations and increasing time. The cultivated saffron in Gonabad region had greatest cytotoxic effect. Also, the cytotoxic effect of the methanolic extracts was more than the aqueous extracts.
Azam Makipour; Ashraf Jazayeri; Esmaeil Darabpour
Abstract
Due to the difference in the quality and quantity of proteins and enzymes in the mucus of different types of fish, therefore they have different antibacterial activity. Boleophthalmus dussumieri fish is one of the mudskeeper’s species that has been reported from Musa Estuary according to previous ...
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Due to the difference in the quality and quantity of proteins and enzymes in the mucus of different types of fish, therefore they have different antibacterial activity. Boleophthalmus dussumieri fish is one of the mudskeeper’s species that has been reported from Musa Estuary according to previous studies. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the antibacterial effect of B. dussumieri fish mucus against 3 standard bacterial strains (Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC BAA-747), Bacillus subtillis (ATTC 6633)) and 3 clinical bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacillus anthracis). After preparing the aqueous extract of mucus, its antibacterial effect was investigated in four concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml by disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software and one-way ANOVA. The results showed that all the bacteria were sensitive to the mucus extract and there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the growth inhibition zone between different bacteria. It was also found that Gram-positive bacteria with an average non-growth zone of 12 mm showed more sensitivity to B. dussumieri fish skin mucus extract than Gram-negative bacteria with an average non-growth zone of 9 mm. The results of this research showed that the skin mucus of Boleophthalmus dussumieri fish has antimicrobial effect and has the ability to remove pathogenic agents in laboratory conditions.
animal biosystematic
Mona Izadian; Farhad Hosseini Tayefeh; Saber Ghasemi; Seyyed Ghasem Ghorbanzadeh Zaferani
Abstract
Persian Salamander (Persian Brook Salamander Paradactylodon persicus) is one of the unique genetic treasures of Iranian amphibians whose Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran are the last end of its southwestern distribution in Asia. Until 2019, two separate species including the Iranian Salamander P. persicus ...
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Persian Salamander (Persian Brook Salamander Paradactylodon persicus) is one of the unique genetic treasures of Iranian amphibians whose Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran are the last end of its southwestern distribution in Asia. Until 2019, two separate species including the Iranian Salamander P. persicus in the west and center and the salamander of Gorgani P. gorganensis in the east of Hyrcania were introduced, but based on the NGS and phylogenetic sequencing data, these salamanders are classified as the single species of the Iranian salamander Paradactylodon persicus. The eastern population is Critically Endangered (CR) and the central and western population is Near Threatened (NT) on the red list of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and it is necessary to planning of conservation programs. Based on the guidelines proposed by Species Survival Working Group of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN/SSC), this research identifies the threats and provides management plan in the form of strategic programs for the conservation and management of the Iranian Salamander population. The most important threats to the species include sample collection, the presence of domestic and wild animals, destruction of springs, lack of water resources (decreased water flow) and easy access to the habitat. The most important strategies for the conservation and management of Iranian Salamanders is 1) to identify threats and provide solutions to reduce the effects of each threat on the species and habitat, 2) identify new habitats, monitor the population and assess the status of the habitat, 3) scientific studies on various biological and ecological aspects, and create a database and 4) raising the level of awareness, knowledge and attracting the participation of stakeholders in the conservation of the species and habitat. The results of this study will be used in the management of Iranian Salamander habitat and population, reducing the effects of threats, revising management plans and developing cooperative conservation.
pharmacology
Maryam Zarehzadeh-Mehrizi; Mohammad Majdizadeh; Mahboubeh Zarezadeh-Mehrizi; Alireza Afshoun; Mahtab Zhian- Mehrizi; Bibi Fatemeh Haghiralsadat
Abstract
Considering the problems of using medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases such as high volatility and non-targeted effects, and the role of nanotechnology in reducing these challenges, the present research was conducted with the aim of obtaining a nano formulation containing Clove essential oil ...
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Considering the problems of using medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases such as high volatility and non-targeted effects, and the role of nanotechnology in reducing these challenges, the present research was conducted with the aim of obtaining a nano formulation containing Clove essential oil for use in dental research. 4 liposomal formulations containing Clove essential oil were prepared using phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol by thin layer and heat methods separately. The encapsulation efficiency, size, polydispersity-index and zeta potential of nanoparticle (by zeta-sizer) were measured. In each of the manufacturing methods, a formulation that had suitable physicochemical parameters was selected in order to check the essential oil release pattern and the morphology of nanoparticles (by SEM). Also, the toxicity of nano-liposomes obtained from selected formulations was measured by MTT method on human fibroblast(HFF) cell line. The encapsulation efficiency, particle size and zeta potential for the selected formulation obtained from the thin layer method were 50.57%, 123.3nm and -18.6mV, respectively, and for the heat method, they were 55.43%, 121.4nm respectively and -19/2mV. The release of essential oil from the selected formulations was slow and continuous and dependent on pH. Nano-liposomes made by heat method caused less toxicity to HFF cell line compared to thin layer method. Considering the suitable physicochemical characteristics of nano-liposomes containing Clove essential oil and very low toxicity of nano-liposomes made by heat method for healthy HFF cells, these nano-liposomes can be suggested to further research in the field of oral and dental health.
Fereydun Hassani; Rahim Peyghan; Mojtaba Alishahi; Masoud Ghorbanpour; Mina Ahangarzadeh
Abstract
Streptococcus iniae is a gram-positive bacterium that causes invasive infections with severe septicemia and meningitis as well as high economic losses in freshwater and sea fish. It is one of the most infectious diseases in Asian sea bass. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role ...
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Streptococcus iniae is a gram-positive bacterium that causes invasive infections with severe septicemia and meningitis as well as high economic losses in freshwater and sea fish. It is one of the most infectious diseases in Asian sea bass. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of this bacterium in marine bass fish mortality in farmed cages on the northern coast of the Persian Gulf. In this study, a number of 150 cultured Asian sea bass (60 fish suspected of bacterial infection and 90 apparently healthy fish) were selected and bacterial sampling were taken from head kidneys and brain of fish from sea bass cages of Bushehr, Khuzestan and Hormozgan provinces. After isolation and purification of the bacteria, the presence of Streptococcus iniae was evaluated and confirmed via biochemical tests and molecular methods (with specific primers of lctO gene). The PCR results and sequencing of the PCR product indicate high prevalence of Streptococcus iniae in Asian sea bass cages culturing in the Persian Gulf. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to prevent Streptococcosis (especially vaccination).
animal biosystematic
Hassan Ghahari; Majid Navaeian; Hadi Ostovan
Abstract
Biodiversity and sustainable development are important goals in environmental protection that in order to have high biodiversity, it is necessary to identify and preserve ecosystems and all species of animals and plants as well as microorganisms in it. Predator bugs (Heteroptera) are efficient predators ...
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Biodiversity and sustainable development are important goals in environmental protection that in order to have high biodiversity, it is necessary to identify and preserve ecosystems and all species of animals and plants as well as microorganisms in it. Predator bugs (Heteroptera) are efficient predators in most agroecosystems, which have powerful role for control of agricultural pests. These beneficial insects were evaluated under four categories a/ species diversity, b/ percentage of relative abundance and structure of species composition, c/ habitat similarity index, and d/ population fluctuation in sugar beet fields of six provinces (Isfahan, Hamadan, Golestan, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, West Azarbaijan and Khuzestan) during 2009-2013. In this research, in total of 24 species under six families, Anthocoridae (eight species, two genera), Geocoridae (three species, single genus), Miridae (three species, single genus), Nabidae (three species, single genus) and Reduviidae (seven species, seven genera) were collected and identified. Additionally, totally 216 specimens of predator bugs were collected from sugar beet fields, which Orius albidipennis, O. laevigatus and O. laticollis with 11.1%, 10.6% and 9.7% of percentage of relative abundance, respectively have the highest abundance among all the species and are dominant species. The highest habitat similarity was obtained between Myandoab (West Azarbaijan province) and Dezful (Khuzestan province) (57.1%). The maximum population density (3.92) was obtained in July.
Lida Momeni Borujeni
Abstract
In this study, the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the structure, thermal stability and activity of bovine pancreatic trypsin was investigated. Various spectroscopic techniques including UV absorption, circular distortion, thermal stability, fluorescence and kinetics at pH 8 were used to achieve ...
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In this study, the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the structure, thermal stability and activity of bovine pancreatic trypsin was investigated. Various spectroscopic techniques including UV absorption, circular distortion, thermal stability, fluorescence and kinetics at pH 8 were used to achieve this goal. Thermodynamic and kinetic results showed that trypsin stability decreased in the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles and increased its activity. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the nanoparticles can reduce trypsin fluorescence through static quenching. Based on the thermodynamic parameters, the process of binding the nanoparticles to trypsin is performed as a spontaneous reaction which the electrostatic forces play the main role in. Circular dichroism studies showed changes in the secondary structure of trypsin as an increase in α-Helix l content and a decrease in β-sheets. UV spectroscopy showed that iron oxide nanoparticles bind to trypsin and cause changes in protein structure. The interaction studies of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and trypsin show that not only water and solvent molecules can affect on 3D structure of trypsin and protein but also play an important role in adsorption nanoparticles.
Leyla Najafi; Mohammad Fazilati; Hossein Salavati
Abstract
C-Phycocyanin has been demonstrated to have a series of pharmacological attributes without leading to toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential of anti-cancer and antioxidant C-PC on CT-26 and HT-29 cell lines in vitro and in Balb/c mice. The CT-26 and HT-29 cells were treated with various ...
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C-Phycocyanin has been demonstrated to have a series of pharmacological attributes without leading to toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential of anti-cancer and antioxidant C-PC on CT-26 and HT-29 cell lines in vitro and in Balb/c mice. The CT-26 and HT-29 cells were treated with various concentrations of C-PC extract (1-100µg/ml) in 48hr. Antiproliferative effect was measured by morphological observations, DAPI and AO/PI Staining, MTT assay, fluorescence microscope and Flow cytometry assays. Antioxidant effects of C-PC on CT-26 tumor cells transplanted in Balb/c mice was also checked out invivo. Male Balb/c mice were tested in four groups.group1 was considered as control. Group 2 were fed by C-Phycocyanin (50mg/kg) daily. In groups 2-4, cisplatin (3mg/kg) was injected, and group 3 silymarin (100mg/kg) was injected daily. Finally serum levels of MDA, TAC, and Total Billirubin, Total Protein and Albumin and activities of GPX, Catalase, SOD, ALT, AST, and LDH were assayed. C-PC showed considerable anti-proliferative effect on CT-26 and HT-29 tumor cell lines with IC50 =47.4 µg/ml and IC50=49.4 µg/ml respectively. In addition, C-PC because of its antioxidant potential, significantly (P<0/001), decreased MDA and increased levels of liver antioxidant enzymes.
