با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن فیزیولوژی و فارماکولوژی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکاه کشاورزی و منابع طبعی ساری

2 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

چکیده
به منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف پودر پیاز بر شاخص­های رشد، بازماندگی، ترکیب فیله و فراسنجه­های خونی در ماهی قزل­آلای رنگین­کمان، یک آزمایش کاملا تصادفی با شش تیمار و سه تکرار (15 قطعه در هر تکرار) به مدت 8 هفته به اجرا در آمد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل صفر، 5/0، 1، 2، 3 و 5 درصد پودر پیاز بودند. در ابتدای آزمایش ماهیان قزل­آلای رنگین­کمان با میانگین وزنی 1± 60 به مدت دو هفته با شرایط محیطی سازگار شدند. داده­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزار 17SPSS  آنالیز شدند. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که سطح 1 درصد پودر پیاز اثر معنی‌داری بر افزایش رشد نسبت به تیمار شاهد داشت (05/0>P) ولی در سایر شاخص­های رشد از قبیل ضریب تبدیل غذایی، شاخص رشد ویژه و بازماندگی تفاوت معنی‌داری از نظر آماری مشاهده نشد (05/0P) اما بر میزان گلبول قرمز، هماتوکریت، هموگلوبین و شاخص­های گلبولی (MCV, MCH, MCHC) اثر نداشت (05/0 

کلیدواژه‌ها

AOAC.; (1997). Official Methods of Analysis, 16thed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, 49p.##Bai, S.C.; Koo, J.; Kim, K.; Kim, S.; (2001). Effects of  Chlorella powder as feed additive on growth performance in juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf). Aquaculture Research; 32: 92-98.##Cho, S.H.; Lee, S.; (2012). Onion Powder in the Diet of the Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus : Effects on the growth, body composition, and lysozyme activity. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society; 1: 30-37.##Dügenci, S.K.; Arda, N.; Candan, A.; (2003). Some medicinal plants as immunostimulant for fish. Journal of Ethnopharmacology; 88(1): 99-106.##Drobkin, D.R.; (1945). Crystallographic and optical properties of human hemoglobin: proposal of standardization of hemoglobin. American Journal of Medical Science; 2009: 268-270.##Ebrahimi, A.; (2006). Feed and feed requirements of fishes in aquaculture. Esfehan Univ, Press, 304P.##Faisal, A.; (2003). Adverse effects of some antimicrobial agents used in fish. Cairo:  Cairo University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 238p. [Ph. D. Thesis]##Farzanfar, A.; (2005). Salmonoid aquaculture. Iranian Fisheries Research Institue, 180P.##Griffiths, G.; Trueman, L.; Crowther, T.; Thomas, B.; Smith, B.; (2002). Onions-a global benefits to health. Phytotherapy Research; 16: 603-615.##Hoston, A.H.; (1990). Blood and circulation. In: Shreck CB, Moyle PB. Methods in fish biology, Bethesda, Maryland. American Fisheries Society; pp. 273-335.##Iran Fisheries Organization; (2012). fishery Statistic Yearbook (2002-2012); 64p.##Iwama, G.; Nakanishi, T.; (1996). The fish immune system. Academic press , London, Chapter3: Innate Immunity in Fish, pp: 73-114.##Jeorge, H.G.; Lee, Y.W.; (1998). Protective effect of daily sulfide on Nnitrosodimethylamine-induced immunosuppression in mice. Cancer Letters; 11: 73-9.##Jeong, C.; Heo, H. J.; Choi, S.; Shim, K.; (2009). Antioxidant and anticancer properties of methanolic extracts from different parts of white, yellow and red onion. Food science and Biotechnology; 18: 108-112.##Jian, J.; Wu, Z.; (2004). Influences oftraditional Chinese medicine on non specificimmunity of Jian carp (Cyprinus carpiovar. Jian). Fish and Shellfish Immunology; 16: 185-191.##Kim, K.; Bai, S.; Koo, J.; Wang, X.; Kim, S.; (2002). Effects of dietary Chlorella ellipsoidea supplementation on growth, blood characteristics, and whole-body composition in juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society; 33: 425-431.##Kumari, K.; Augusti, K.T.; (2007). Lipid lowering effect of S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide from Allium cepa Linn in high cholestrol diet fed rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacy; 109: 367-371.##Li, G.; Guo, Y.; Zaho, D.; Qian, P.; Xiao, C.; Liang, L.; Wang, H.; (2006). Effect of levamisole on the immune response and disease resistance of Clarias fuscus. Aquqculture; 253: 61-69.##Martins, M.L.; Moraes, F.R.; Miyazaki, D.M.;Brum,C.D.;Onaka,E.M.; Fenerick, J.R.J.;  Bozzo, F.R.; (2002). Alternative treatment for Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) infection in cultivated pacu, (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) infection in cultivated pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes: Characidae) in Brazil and its haematological effects. Parasite; 9: 71-80.##Mary jane, S. A.; Edgar, C. A.; Joseph, P. F.; Rolando, V. P.; Shuichi, S.; (2012). Dietary onion and ginger enhance growth, hemato-immunological responses and disease resistance in brown-marbled grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society; 5(4): 231-239.##Metwally, M.A.A.; (2009). Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) on some Antioxidant Activities in Tilapia Nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus). World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences; 1: 56-64.##Moaveni, P.; (2009). Medical plants. Ghods Azad Univercity Press, 835p.##Nabil, F.A.; Mohamed, M.E.L.; Al-Desoki, A.M.A.; Ahmed, M.A.; (2010). Effect of fresh or dried garlic as a natural feed supplement on growth performance and nutrients utilization of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticas). Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries; 14(2): 19-38.##Nematipour, G.R.; Nakagawa, H.; Kasahara, S.; Ohya, S.; (1988). Effect of dietary lipid and Chlorella extract on ayu. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi; 54: 1395-1400.##Nya, E.J.; Austin, B.; (2011). Development of immunity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to Aeromonas hydrophila after the dietary application of garlic. Fish & Shellfish Immunology; 30: 845-850.##Ramos, F. A.; Takaishi, Y.; Shirotori, M.; Kawaguchi, Y.; Tsuchiya, K.; Shibata, H.; Higuti, T.; Tadokoro, T.; Takeuchi, M.; (2006). Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of quercetin oxidation products from yellow onion (Allium cepa) skin. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry; 54: 3551-3557.##Rivlin, R.S.; (2001). Historical perspective on the use of garlic. Journal of nutrition; 131:951S-954S.##Sakai, M.; (1999). Current research status of fish immunostimulants. Aquaculture; 172: 63-92.##Sandnes, K.; Lie, O.; Waagbo, R.; (1988). Normal ranges of some blood chemistry parameters in adult farmed Atlanic salmon, Salmo salar. Journal of Fish Biology; 32: 129-136.##Shalaby, A.M.; Khattab, Y.A.; Sharaf, S.M.; El_marakby, H.I.; Rizkallaeh.; (2006). The physiological changes and growth performance of the Nile tilapia Oerochromis niloticus after feeding with Biogen® as growth promoter. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries; 8: 58-145.##Sivonova, M.; Waczulikova, I.; Kilanczy, E.; Hrnciarova, M.; Bryszewska, M.; Klajnert, B.; Durackova, Z.; (2004). The effect of pycnogenol on the erythrocyte membrane fluidity. General Physiology and Biophysics; 23: 39-51.##Suh, H.J.; Lee, J.M.; Cho, J. S.; Kim, Y. S.; Chung, S.H.;(1999). Radical scavenging compounds in onion skin. Food Research International; 32: 659-664.##Tangestani, R.; Alizadeh, E.; Ebrahimi, E.; Zare, P.; (2011). Effect of garlic essential oil as an immunostimulant on hematological indices of juvenile beluga (huso huso). Journal of Veterinary Research; 66: 209-216.##Whitemore, B. B.; Nadiu, A. S.; (2000). Thiosulfinates. Natural food antimicrobial systems. Florida CRC Press, Boca Raton, 818p.##Yılmaz, S.; Ergün, S.; Türk, N.; (2012). Effects of cumin-supplemented diets on growth and disease (Streptococcus iniae) resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture- Bamidgeh; 64: 764-768.##Zheng, Z.L.; Tan, J.Y.W.; Liu, H.Y.; Zhou, X.H.; Xiang, X.; Wang, K.Y.; (2009). Evaluation of oregano essential oil (Origanum heracleoticum L.) on growth, antioxidant effect and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctuatus). Aquaculture; 229: 214-218.##