In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology

Document Type : Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 M.Sc. of Biology Animal Physiology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

Abstract

Abstract
The positive effects of garlic on diabetes and its complications are known. Zinc also has beneficial therapeutic effects on diabetes in diabetic animals and humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of combination of garlic flower extract and zinc sulfate on hematocrit in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Twenty-one adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n=7). Which include: Sham group that received usual water and food for 45 days and were injected normal saline on first day of beginning of this time period Positive control group (diabetic) which they received usual food and water during 45 days and they were injected streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose 40mg/kg (intraperitoneal injection) on first day of beginning of this time period. The treated group with garlic flower extract + zinc sulfate, immediately after receiving STZ and ensuring of their diabetes they were treated with garlic extract of 360 mg/Lit and zinc sulfate at a concentration of 36 mg/Lit in drinking water during 45-day period. The hematocrits were measured automatically, using Diatron device, model ABACUS-c (Austria). Hematocrit in the treated group, which received the hydroalcoholic extract of garlic flower and zinc sulfate in combination, showed a significant increase compared to control (p

Keywords

 
Ahmadizad, S.; Alipoor, S; Dabagh, Nikookheslat, S.; Ebrahimi, H.; (2016). Effects of different dosages of garlic on responses of the main determinants of hemorheology to acute endurance exercise. Sport Physiology; 7(28): 103-116 .
Amini, A.; Parto, P.; Yousofvand, N.; (2016). The Effect of Oral Co-Administration of Zinc Sulfate and Vanadium on The Level of Blood Sugar in Streptozosin Induced Diabetic Rats. J Fasa Univ Med Sci.; 5(4): 571-577.
Anwar, MM.; Meki, AR.; (2003). Oxidative stress in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Effects of garlic oil and melatonin. Comp. Biochem. Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol; 135(4): 539-547.
Augusti, KT.; Sheela, CG.; (1996). Anti-peroxide effect of with s-allylcystemesulfoxide, on insulin secretagogue, in diabetic rats. Exprientia; 115-120.
Bloc, A.; Cens T.; Cruz, H.; Dunant, Y.; (2000). Zinc induced change in ionic current of colonal rat pancreatic b –cell activation of ATP –sensitive K+ chanels. Journal of Physiology.; 529(3): 733-4.
Bosman, D.R.; Winkler, A.S.; Marsden, J.T.; Macdougall, I.C.; Watkins P.J.; (2001). Anemia with erythropoietin deficiency occurs early in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Care; 24: 495-499
Cawood, T.J.; Buckley, U.; Murray, A.; Dillon D.; Goodwin, B.; Sreenane, S.; (2005). Prevalence of Anemia in Patients with Diabetes mellitus. Ir J Med Sci; 175(2):25-27.
Chausmer, A.B.; (1998). Zinc, insulin and diabetes. J Am Coll NutrApr; 17(2): 109-15.
Craig, K.J.; Williams, J.D.; Riley, S.G.; Smith, H.; Owens, D.R.; Worthing, D.; Cavill, I.; Phillips, A.O.; (2005). Anemia and Diabetes in the Absence of Nephropathy. Diabetes Care; 28(5): 1118-1123.
Defronzo, R.A.; (1997). Pathogenesis of type 2diabetes: Metabolic and molecular implications for identifying diabetes genes. Diabetes review; 177-269.
Dimitrova, A.; Russeva, A.; Atanasova, M.; Strashimirov, D.; (2010). Effects of zinc supplementation on some hematological parameters of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 8(2): 61-65.
Dudek, K.; Sliwa, E.; Tatara, M.; (2006). Changes in blood Leucocyte pattern in piglets from sows treated with garlic preparations. Bull Vet Inst Pulway; 50: 236-267.
Dura, T.; Villelizaga, I.; (1984). Activated biological zinc. Acta Pediatr Esp; 42: 27-33.
Eidi, A.; Eidim, esmaeili, E.; (1999). Anti-diabetic effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in normal and streptozotocin induced by immobilization stress in mice. Nipponyakurigakuzassh; 191-197.
Faure, P.; (2003). Protective effects of antioxidant micronutrients (vitamin E, zinc and selenium) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Chem Lab Med; 41(8): 995-8.
Ferraro, F.; Lymperi, S.; Méndez-Ferrer S.; Saez B.; Spencer JA.; Yeap BY.; et al.; (2011). Diabetes impairs hematopoietic stem cell mobilization by altering niche function. Sci Transl Med.; 3(104): 104ra101.
Ganong, M.; Racken, C.; (1997). Guest editor with Dohna Hoel. Postgraduation Medicine; 101(4): 334.
Grodsky, G.M.; Schmid-Formby F.; (1985). Kinetic and quantitative relationships between insulin release and 65Zn efflux from perifused islets. Endocrinology;117(2):704-10.
Hasanvand, V.; Yousofvand, N.; (2018). Preventive effect of garlic flower extract on hematocrit levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Experimental animal Biology, 6(4): 77-85.
Hasanvand, V.; Yousofvand, N.; (2017). The combined effect of zinc and hydroalcoholic extract of garlic on serum glucose and insulin levels in male streptozotocin-diabetes mice. Animal Environment, 9(3), 79-84.
Huang, C.N.; horng, J.S.; Yin, M.C.; (2004). Anti-oxidative and anti glycative effects of six organosulfar compounds in low – density lipoprotein and plasma.Jagric food chem 2;52(11):3674-8.
Jahanbakhshi, A.; Ahmadnia Motlagh, H.; Javadi Mousavi, M., & Rahimi kia, E.; (2015). Effects of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on growth performance, survival rate, some hematological and biochemical indices of Gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus). Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 7(2): 218-224
Jain, R.C.; Vyas, C.R.; (1975). Garlic in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Am J Clin Nutr; 684-685.
Kleven, K.J.; Blohowiak, S.E.; Kling, P.J.; (2007). Zinc protoporphyrin/heme in large-for-gestation newborns. Neonatology; 92(2): 91-5.
Kumar, R.; (2012). Biochemical changes in erythrocyte membrane in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Med Sci.; 66(5-6): 131-135.
Mehdi, U.; Toto, R. D.; (2009). Anemia, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Care; 32(7): 1320-1326.
Nammis boini, M.K.; Lodgala S.D.; Behara R.S.; (2003). The juice of fresh leaves of Catharanthus roseus Linn. reduces blood glucose in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. BMC Complement Altern; Med 2; 3:4.
Namjoo, A.R., Heidarian, E.; Rafieian-Koupaei, M.; Jafarian-Dehkordi, M.; (2013). Effect of chronic oral administration of garlic aqueous extract on tissue change, some blood and enzymatical parameters in male rats. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci.; 15(1): 103-113.
Nathan,,D.M.; Cleary, P.A.; Backlund. J.Y.; Genuth ,S.M.; Lachin ,J.M.; Orchard, T.J.; et al.; (2005). Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. N Engl J med2643-53.
Nuria, Alonso, M L.; Uisa Granada, Isabel Salinasand, M. L.; (2005). Serum pepsinogen I: An early marker of pernicious anemia in paitients with type 1 diabetes. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism; (9):52 5419.
Oyedemi, S.O.; Yakubu, M.T.; Afolayan, A.J.; (2011). Antidiabetic activities of aqueous leaves extractof Leonotis leonurus in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J Med Plant Res.; 5: 119-125.
Rajasekaran, S.; Sivagnanam, K.; Subramanian, S.; (2005). Antioxidant effect of Aloe Vera gel extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Pharmacological reports. 57 ;90 – 96.
Shakiba Dastgerdi, A.; Rafieian- kopaei M.; Jivad N.; Sedehi, M.; Yousefi Darani, M.; Shirani F.; (2013). Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Anethum graveolens leaves on time response to pain stimuli in mice. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci; 15(2): 70-76.
Shalaby, A.M.; Khattab, Y.A.; Abdel Rahman, A.M.; (2006). Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum). And chloramphenicol on growth performance, physiological parameters and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nilo ticus). J.Venom. Anim.Toxinsincl.Trop.Dis; 12: 172-201
Sheela, C.G.; Augusti, K.T.; (1992). Antidiabetic effect of S-allyl cysteine sulphoxide isolated from garlic (Allium sativum linnLinn). Indian JEXP boil; 523-6.
Sheela, C.G.; Augusti, K.T.; (1995). Antidiabetic effect of onion and garlic sulfoxide amino acids in rats. Planta Med; 61(4): 356-7.
Silva A.P.; Vitolo, M.R.; Zara, L.F.; Castro, C.F.; (2006). Effects of zinc supplementation on 1- to 5-year old children. J Pediatr (Rio J).; 82: 227-31.
Thomas, M.C.; (2007). Anemia in diabetes: Marker or mediator of microvasculardisease? Nat ClinPract Nephrol; 3(1): 20-30.
Turk, H.M.; Sevinc, A.; Camci, C.; Cigli, A.; Buyukberber, S.; Savli, H.; (2002). Bayraktar N. Plasma lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Acta Diabetol.; 39(3): 117-122.
Wang, Y.; Tan, M.; Huang, Z.; Sheng, L.; Ge, Y.; Zhang, H.; et al.; (2002). Elemental contents in serum of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Biological Trace Element Research.; 88(2): 113-8.
Weiss, G.; Goodnough, L.T.; (2005). Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med; 352(10): 1011-1023.
Yajni, CS.; (2001). The insulin resistance epidemic in India: fetal origins, later lifestyle, or both? Nutr rev; 59-51.
Zen Rahfiludin, M.; and Ginandjar, P.; (2013) The effect of zinc and vitamin C supplementation on hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and immune response in patients with Plasmodium vivax malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health; 44(5): 733-9.