In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology

Document Type : Article

Authors

1 Associate Proffessor, Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Irain.

2 . Associate Professor, Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Oceanography, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Irain

Abstract

Abstract
The Persian Gulf is valuable marine ecosystem. The entrance of industrial waste waters especially from the petrochemical industries located in the cost line of the Persian Gulf resulted in considerable contamination of aquatics lives in this region. The present investigation aimed to study changes in tissue structure of the liver in Otolithes ruber and Liza abu from the Musa creek, situated in the north west of the Persian Gulf, to evaluate the possible effects of environmental pollutants on these fish. In this study, 100 L. abu and O. ruber were collected from five sampling sites in Musa creek, including Petrochemical, Ghanam, Zangi, Douragh and Patil stations. Also, 10 fish/ species were collected from Sajafi creek as a control station. The samples were taken from the liver and were fixed in 15% formalin. Tissue samples were then processed using routine histological methods. Degeneration of cytoplasm, nucleus vacuolization, hemosiderin deposits and destroyed blood cells were the most tissue changes observed. The amount of Degree of Tissue Changes (DTC) for liver of both species was significantly higher and lower at the Petrochemical and Patil stations than other sites. The structural changes observed in both species showed close relation with the level of environmental pollution. In conclusion as it seems, the liver could be considered as an appropriate biomarker to assess the pollution of the region.
 

Keywords

 
Abdollahpoor, A.; (2010). Comparative study of heavy metal accumulation (Cd, Cu, Co, Ni and Pb) in sediment and prominent fish spicies of Musa creek. M.Sc. thesis, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Techology.
Au, D.W.T.; (2004). The application of histocytopathological biomarkers in marine pollution monitoring: a review. Mar Poll Bull; 48: 817-834.
Azimi, A.; Dadolahi Sohrab, A.; Safahieh, A.; Zolgharnein, H.; Savari, A.; Faghiri, I.; (2013). The study of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb and Cu) levels in Sediments of North-West of Persian gulf- Imam Khomeini Port. J Ocean; 3(11): 10-17.
Babadi, S.; (2011). Bioaccumolation of mercury in some tissuues of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus): Comparison of Invivo and Invitro conditions. MSc thesis, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Techology.
Bancroft, D.; Gamble, M.; (2002). Microorganisms. Theory and practice of histological techniques. 5th ed. Philadelphia, USA: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 325-344.
Camargo, M.M.P.; Martinez, C.B.R.; (2007). Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream. Neotrop Ichthyol; 5: 327-336.
Chavan, V.R.; Muley, D.V.; (2014). Effect of heavy metals on liver and gill of fish Cirrhinus mrigala. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci; 3(5): 277-288.‏
Dehghan Madiseh, S.; Savary, A.; Parham, H.; Sabzalizadeh, S.; (2009). Determination of the level of contamination in Khuzestan coastal waters (Northern Persian Gulf) by using an ecological risk index. Environ Monit Assess; 159: 521-530.
Deivasigamani, B.; (2007). Structure of immune organ in edible catfish, Mystus gulio. Environ Biol; 28(4): 757-764.
Di Giulio, R.T.; Hinton, D,E.; (2008). The toxicology of fishes. Boca Raton, Taylor and Francis Group; 1101.
El-Bakary, N.E.R.; El-Gammal, H.L.; (2010). Camparactive histological, histochemical and ultrastructural study on the proximal intestine of the flatheadgrey mulletand seabream. J World App Sci; 8: 477-485.
Halliwell, B.; Gutteridge, J.M.C.; (1989). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, second ed. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK.
Fanta, E.; Rios, F.S.; Romão, S.; Vianna, A.C.C.; Freiberger, S.; (2003). Histopathology of fish Corydoras paleatus contaminated with sublethal levels of organophosphorus in water and food. Ecotoxicol Environ Safe; 54: 119-130.
Fernandes, C.; Fontainhas-Fernandes, A.; Rocha, E.; Salgado, M.A.; (2008). Monitoring pollution in Esmoriz-Paramos lagoon, Portugal: Liver histological and biochemical effects in Liza saliens. Environ Monit Assess; 145: 315-322.
Fischer, W.; Bianchi, G.; (1984). FAO Species Identification Sheet for Fishery Purposes. Western Indian Ocean, (Fishing Area 51), Vol II. Rome: FAO.
Kakkar, K.G.; (2011). Water soluble fraction of diesel fuel induced histopathological alterations in the liver Channa punctatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol; 18: 14-16.
Kim, S.H.; Sharma, R.P.; (2005). Mercury alters endotoxin induced inflammatory cytokine expression in liver: differential role of P38 and extra cellular signalregulated mitogen activated protein kinases. Immunotoxicol; 27: 123-135.
Marigomez, I.; Soto, M.; Cancio, I.; Orbea, A.; Garmendia, L.; Cajaraville, M,P.; (2003). Cell and tissue biomarkers in mussel and histopathology in hake and anchovy from Bay of Biscay after the Prestige oil spill (Monitoring Campaign 2003). Mar Poll Bull; 53: 287-304.
Novaluna, N.A.; (1982). Morphometrics, biology and population dynamics of the croaker fish, Otolithes tuber. In: Pauly D, Mines AN. (editors) Small-scale fisheries of San Miguel Bay, Philippines, Biology and stock assessment, ICLARM Technical Reports; 124.
Ogundiran, M.A.; Fawole, O.O.; Adewoye, S.O.; Ayandiran, T.A.; (2010). Toxicological impact of detergent effluent on juvenile of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Buchell 1822). Agric Biol J N Am; 1: 330-342.
Oliveira Ribeiro, C.A.; Belger, L.; Pelletier, E.; Rouleau, C.; (2002). Histopathological evidence of inorganic mercury and methyl mercury toxicity in the arctic charr (Salvelinus alpines). Environ Res; 90: 217-225.
Safahieh, A.; Monikh, F,A.; Savari, A.; Doraghi, A.; (2011). Heavy metals concentration in Mullet Fish, Liza abu from petrochemical waste receiving creeks, Musa Estuary (Persian Gulf). J Environ Protec; 2(09): 12-18.‏
Safahieh, A.; Babadi, S.; Nabavi, M.B.; Ronagh, M.T.; Ghanemi, K.; (2013). Assessment of mercury intake through consumption of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) from Musa Estuary. J Life Sci Technol; 1: 142-146.
Salamat, N.; Soleimani, Z.; Safahieh, A.; Savari, A.; Ronagh, M,T.; (2013). Using Histopathological changes as a biomarker to trace contamination loading of Musa Creeks (Persian Gulf). Toxicol Pathol; 41: 913-920.
Satari, M.; Shahsavani, D.; Shafiei, Sh.; (2003). Fish Biology 2 (Systematic). Hagh Shenas publication. Tehran, Iran.
Triebskorn, R.; Kohler, H.R.; Flemming, J.; Braunbeck, T.; Negele, R,D.; Rahmann, H.; (1994). Evaluation of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) neurotoxicity in rainbow-trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 1. Behavior, weight increase, and tin content. Aquat Toxicol; 30: 189-197.
Triebskorn, R.; Köhler, H.R.; Honnen, W.; Schramm, M.; Adams, S.M.; Müller, E,F.; (1997). Induction of heat shock proteins, changes in liver ultrastructure, and al terations of fish behavior: are these biomarkers related and are they useful to reflect the state of pollution in the field? J Aquat Ecosyst Stress Rec (Formerly Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health); 6: 57-73.
Van Dyk, J.C.; Pieterse, G.M.; van Vuren, J.H.J.; (2007). Histological changes in the liver of Oreochromis mossambicus (Cichlidae) after exposure to cadmium and zinc. Ecotox Environ Safe; 66: 432-440.
Velkova-Jordanoska, L.; Kostoski, G.; (2005). Histopathological analysis of liver in fish (Barbus meridionalis petenyi Heckel) in reservoir Trebenita. Nat Croat; 14(2): 147-153.
Younis, E.M.; Abdel-Warith, A.A.; Al-Asgah, N.A.; Ebaid, H.; Mubarak, M.; (2013). Histological changes in the liver and intestine of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium. Pakistan J Zool; 45(3): 833-841.