Payame Noor University Experimental animal Biology 2322-2387 1 1 2012 09 22 Trichoderma reesei endoglucanases increase by butanol concentration method Trichoderma reesei endoglucanases increase by butanol concentration method 1 11 130 FA Behzad Laamerad* Assistant Prof. of Biochemistry Journal Article 2012 03 15 Cellulase products usage in industry is in demand considerably. This enzyme is used in paper, paint, oil and textile industries. Cellulase can convert cellulose to glucose and then glucose can be converted to ethanol which this process can be replaced with fossil fuels. Cellulose is a polysaccharide that can be renewable and may be in future providing fuel for transportation. Cellulase converts cellulose to soluble sugars. One of the most extensively studied organisms is the soft rot fungus Trichoderma reesei. This fungus produces a complete set of cellulolytic enzymes that are able to cleave β- 1, 4- glycosidic bonds present in cellulose or cellulose derivatives. One of the key enzymes in the multi- enzyme complexes is endoglucanase which is purified from different method. By using the butanol to concentrate this enzyme, we obtained remarkable active enzyme. The amount of cellobiohydrolases are much more than the concentration of endoglucanases (mentioned by several articles) in Trichoderma reesei. In this experiment, we could obtain the concentration of endoglucanases 20% more than cellobiohydrolases. Cellulase products usage in industry is in demand considerably. This enzyme is used in paper, paint, oil and textile industries. Cellulase can convert cellulose to glucose and then glucose can be converted to ethanol which this process can be replaced with fossil fuels. Cellulose is a polysaccharide that can be renewable and may be in future providing fuel for transportation. Cellulase converts cellulose to soluble sugars. One of the most extensively studied organisms is the soft rot fungus Trichoderma reesei. This fungus produces a complete set of cellulolytic enzymes that are able to cleave β- 1, 4- glycosidic bonds present in cellulose or cellulose derivatives. One of the key enzymes in the multi- enzyme complexes is endoglucanase which is purified from different method. By using the butanol to concentrate this enzyme, we obtained remarkable active enzyme. The amount of cellobiohydrolases are much more than the concentration of endoglucanases (mentioned by several articles) in Trichoderma reesei. In this experiment, we could obtain the concentration of endoglucanases 20% more than cellobiohydrolases.

https://eab.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_130_dfded5723971d0c0c2c5679655a90553.pdf

Payame Noor University Experimental animal Biology 2322-2387 1 1 2012 09 22 The Effect of Ldopa on Creating Dependency of Morphine in Male Mature Mice Using Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) Method The Effect of Ldopa on Creating Dependency of Morphine in Male Mature Mice Using Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) Method 12 23 416 FA Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini MSc. of Animal Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University. F. Firozirad Assistant Prof. of Animal Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University H. Aqababa Assistant Prof. of Animal Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Journal Article 2012 02 23 Introduction: Morphine and other opioid drugs through by increasing brain dopaminergic systems are used to induce dependence and craving. This study investigated the effects of Ldopa as dopamine precursor on creating dependency of morphine. Materials and Methods: In this study, 56 male mature mice (about 80 days old) with a weight of 30-35 grams were enrolled as the experimental, sham and the control groups. The experimental groups included 5 subgroups treated with either morphine, Ldopa with dose of minimum, Ldopa with dose of maximum, morphine+ Ldopa with dose of minimum and morphine+ Ldopa with dose of maximum. Morphine was used for dependency and Ldopa was used as dopamine precursor and CCP method was used to estimate dependency. The data were statistically analyzed by independent Student’s t-test using SPSS version 18. Results: Results showed no meaningful difference between the control and the witness groups. However, there was a meaningful difference between the control group with morphine, Ldopa and Ldopa+morphine groups in preferring a location to receive morphine. And also no meaningful difference between the Ldopa+morphine group in preferring the location for receiving the drug compared with the group receiving morphine alone. Conclusion: Morphine through stimulating mesolimbic dopaminergic nerve pathways and Ldopa through increased production of dopamine in the brain are causes increasing dependence. Introduction: Morphine and other opioid drugs through by increasing brain dopaminergic systems are used to induce dependence and craving. This study investigated the effects of Ldopa as dopamine precursor on creating dependency of morphine. Materials and Methods: In this study, 56 male mature mice (about 80 days old) with a weight of 30-35 grams were enrolled as the experimental, sham and the control groups. The experimental groups included 5 subgroups treated with either morphine, Ldopa with dose of minimum, Ldopa with dose of maximum, morphine+ Ldopa with dose of minimum and morphine+ Ldopa with dose of maximum. Morphine was used for dependency and Ldopa was used as dopamine precursor and CCP method was used to estimate dependency. The data were statistically analyzed by independent Student’s t-test using SPSS version 18. Results: Results showed no meaningful difference between the control and the witness groups. However, there was a meaningful difference between the control group with morphine, Ldopa and Ldopa+morphine groups in preferring a location to receive morphine. And also no meaningful difference between the Ldopa+morphine group in preferring the location for receiving the drug compared with the group receiving morphine alone. Conclusion: Morphine through stimulating mesolimbic dopaminergic nerve pathways and Ldopa through increased production of dopamine in the brain are causes increasing dependence.

https://eab.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_416_5dbb196a14d97b50215066921e8de641.pdf

Payame Noor University Experimental animal Biology 2322-2387 1 1 2012 10 17 Structural study on pepsin stability in the presence of urea Structural study on pepsin stability in the presence of urea 24 30 131 FA M. Kouhiyan MSc of Biochemistry, payam Noor University B. Shareghi Associated Professor, Shahrekord University F. Kouhiyan MSc of Medical Physic, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Journal Article 2012 03 13 Pepsin (E.C.3.4.23.1) is a juice gastric aspartic proteinase. It belongs to hydrolyses family. Its monomeris structure is consisting of two lobes that they are similar in size and folding. It consists of a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight 34644 Daltone and 327 aminoacid. Structural analysis shows that pepsin contains 1.2% basic residues, 13.1% acidic residues, 46.5% polar residues and 39.2% hydrophobic residues. Structural stability of pepsin was investigated by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and spectrophlorimetry. Spectral measurements were made by sodium phosphate buffer .02M at pH: 2 and temperatures between 30 and 100 º C. It was observed that (1) high considerable enzyme stability, (2) enzyme stability decreases in the presence of urea at pH: 2. (3) thermodynamic parameters decline in the presence of urea. (4) Florescence intensity increase in the presence of urea. Pepsin (E.C.3.4.23.1) is a juice gastric aspartic proteinase. It belongs to hydrolyses family. Its monomeris structure is consisting of two lobes that they are similar in size and folding. It consists of a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight 34644 Daltone and 327 aminoacid. Structural analysis shows that pepsin contains 1.2% basic residues, 13.1% acidic residues, 46.5% polar residues and 39.2% hydrophobic residues. Structural stability of pepsin was investigated by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and spectrophlorimetry. Spectral measurements were made by sodium phosphate buffer .02M at pH: 2 and temperatures between 30 and 100 º C. It was observed that (1) high considerable enzyme stability, (2) enzyme stability decreases in the presence of urea at pH: 2. (3) thermodynamic parameters decline in the presence of urea. (4) Florescence intensity increase in the presence of urea.

https://eab.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_131_624285dfec525655e2072a2dccc18c69.pdf

Payame Noor University Experimental animal Biology 2322-2387 1 1 2012 10 17 In vitro assessment of final oocyte maturation index (GVBD) in Persian Sturgeon and broodstock selection In vitro assessment of final oocyte maturation index (GVBD) in Persian Sturgeon and broodstock selection 31 40 132 FA B. Taneh Lecturer of Biology, Payame Noor University B. Abtahi Assistant Professor, Shahid Beheshti University R.M. Nazari BSc., Shahid Rajaei Sturgeon fish farm – Sari Journal Article 2012 04 16 One of the big problems on Sturgeon Fishes is select of the breeders that have high quality of gametes after hormone injection. So in this research Final oocyte maturation index (GVBD) in in vitro for selection of Persian sturgeon Broodstock, Acipenser persicus, was studied on 10 females captured from the Caspian Sea during reproduction season. About 150 oocytes from every broodstock, taken by hollow probe, were incubated in incubation media of RM2 containing 10 µg/l of progesterone for induction of the final oocyte maturation and assessment of GVBD index. Results indicated that significant differences in GVBD of the in vitro and in vivo were observed (٭٭). However, Broodstockes with rate of GVBD in in vitro higher than %50 had a significantly better ovulation, fertilization and incubation rates (٭), from those with a GVBD lower than %50. It could be concluded that use from method of assessment of GVBD index under in vitro circumstance was preferable to assessment of GVBD index under in vivo and also nucleus polarization index for selection of suitable broodstock. One of the big problems on Sturgeon Fishes is select of the breeders that have high quality of gametes after hormone injection. So in this research Final oocyte maturation index (GVBD) in in vitro for selection of Persian sturgeon Broodstock, Acipenser persicus, was studied on 10 females captured from the Caspian Sea during reproduction season. About 150 oocytes from every broodstock, taken by hollow probe, were incubated in incubation media of RM2 containing 10 µg/l of progesterone for induction of the final oocyte maturation and assessment of GVBD index. Results indicated that significant differences in GVBD of the in vitro and in vivo were observed (٭٭). However, Broodstockes with rate of GVBD in in vitro higher than %50 had a significantly better ovulation, fertilization and incubation rates (٭), from those with a GVBD lower than %50. It could be concluded that use from method of assessment of GVBD index under in vitro circumstance was preferable to assessment of GVBD index under in vivo and also nucleus polarization index for selection of suitable broodstock.

https://eab.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_132_cb69f1a989328f1e2743fa65b7301dfa.pdf

Payame Noor University Experimental animal Biology 2322-2387 1 1 2012 10 17 Infection rate of Linguatulaserrata nymphs in cattle slaughtered in Tabriz abattoir, Iran Infection rate of Linguatulaserrata nymphs in cattle slaughtered in Tabriz abattoir, Iran 41 49 133 FA M. Mirzai Asistance Professor of Parasitology, Veterinary Medicine, Kerman University, Iran E. Azimi Msc of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Science, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran M. Sami Asistance Professor of Food Hygiene, Veterinary Medicine, Kerman University, Iran B. Yavari Msc of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tarbiat Moalleme Azarbayjan, Iran Kh. Badihi Msc of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Tonekabon Azad University, Iran Journal Article 2012 02 13 In this survey, the infection rate of Linguatulaserrata nymphs in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), livers and lungs of 400 cattle was studied in different seasons considering their sex and age in Tabriz abattoir. The lymph nodes, livers and lungs were examined macroscopically. A digestion method was also applied for investigation of liver and lung samples. The infection rate of L. serrata nymphs in MLNs and livers was 17.2% and0.25% respectively. But none of the lung samples were infected. The infection rate in slaughtered cattle significantly increased with age (P0.05).Moreover, there was not any significant difference in infection rate through the different seasons of the year(P>0.05). In this survey, the infection rate of Linguatulaserrata nymphs in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), livers and lungs of 400 cattle was studied in different seasons considering their sex and age in Tabriz abattoir. The lymph nodes, livers and lungs were examined macroscopically. A digestion method was also applied for investigation of liver and lung samples. The infection rate of L. serrata nymphs in MLNs and livers was 17.2% and0.25% respectively. But none of the lung samples were infected. The infection rate in slaughtered cattle significantly increased with age (P0.05).Moreover, there was not any significant difference in infection rate through the different seasons of the year(P>0.05).

https://eab.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_133_a41e2b5bf64c39af77341862b0ba4b14.pdf

Payame Noor University Experimental animal Biology 2322-2387 1 1 2012 10 17 Taxonomic study of blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) in Arak county, Iran Taxonomic study of blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) in Arak county, Iran 50 62 134 FA Atena Faraji Msc of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University North Tehran Shahrokh PashaieRad Associate Professor, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University Alireza Shayesteh‌far Assistant Professor, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University Journal Article 2011 11 30 During the taxonomical investigations of Coleoptera (family: Meloidae) of the Arak County, in spring and summer 2010, 15 species of blister beetles belonging to the two subfamily (Nemognathinae and Meloinae), three tribes (Mylabrini, Lyttini and Nemognathini) and six genus (Hycleus, Mylabris, Alosimus, Calydus, Teratolytta and Nemognatha) were collected and identified. In this study the geographical distribution and identification key of the collected species of blister beetles were considered. This is the first time that Calydus ornaticollis species from Arak and Teratolytta flavipes species from Iran was reported. Morphological characters such as mesosternum, antennae, pronotum, and male reproductive organ were the main identification character that was used. During the taxonomical investigations of Coleoptera (family: Meloidae) of the Arak County, in spring and summer 2010, 15 species of blister beetles belonging to the two subfamily (Nemognathinae and Meloinae), three tribes (Mylabrini, Lyttini and Nemognathini) and six genus (Hycleus, Mylabris, Alosimus, Calydus, Teratolytta and Nemognatha) were collected and identified. In this study the geographical distribution and identification key of the collected species of blister beetles were considered. This is the first time that Calydus ornaticollis species from Arak and Teratolytta flavipes species from Iran was reported. Morphological characters such as mesosternum, antennae, pronotum, and male reproductive organ were the main identification character that was used.

https://eab.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_134_4fb4a5f3c04d7ccfa394d644130bb5bd.pdf

Payame Noor University Experimental animal Biology 2322-2387 1 1 2012 10 17 Antioxidant activity status and heart failure in broilers with pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS ) Antioxidant activity status and heart failure in broilers with pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS ) 69 80 136 FA Mokhtar Fathi Assistant Professor, Payam Noor University T. Tanha Assistant Professor, Payam Noor University Journal Article 2012 03 18 160 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross308) in 2 groups of 4 replicates were studied in each group20 chicks for each replicate were used. One group of these birds was rose in normal temperature (NT treatment) and the other group was raised in cold temperature induce PHS and heart failure (CT treatment). Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase SOD (, total antioxidant status (TAS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of both plasma and liver were determined at days 21 and 42 At the end of the experiment (day42), 2 chicks from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered. The heart was removed and the right ventricle was dissected away. The ratio of right ventricle weight to total ventricle weight (RV/TV) was calculated. Results showed that MDA content in plasma and liver of CT birds was greater than that of NT birds at day 21 and 42. GPX activity in plasma and liver of CT birds at day 21&42 and SOD activity in plasma at day 42 were lower than that of NT birds. Furthermore, birds of NT treatment had a higher plasma TAS (P<0.05) at both ages. Moreover, RV/TV ratio at day 42 and mortality in total period were significantly higher in CT birds. 160 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross308) in 2 groups of 4 replicates were studied in each group20 chicks for each replicate were used. One group of these birds was rose in normal temperature (NT treatment) and the other group was raised in cold temperature induce PHS and heart failure (CT treatment). Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase SOD (, total antioxidant status (TAS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of both plasma and liver were determined at days 21 and 42 At the end of the experiment (day42), 2 chicks from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered. The heart was removed and the right ventricle was dissected away. The ratio of right ventricle weight to total ventricle weight (RV/TV) was calculated. Results showed that MDA content in plasma and liver of CT birds was greater than that of NT birds at day 21 and 42. GPX activity in plasma and liver of CT birds at day 21&42 and SOD activity in plasma at day 42 were lower than that of NT birds. Furthermore, birds of NT treatment had a higher plasma TAS (P<0.05) at both ages. Moreover, RV/TV ratio at day 42 and mortality in total period were significantly higher in CT birds.

https://eab.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_136_d87042a98eec44232704e18cef00367a.pdf