Biophysics
Mostafa Jamalan; Majid Zeinali; Ebrahim Asadabadi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 December 2013
Abstract
Overexpression and malfunction of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) is associated with occurrence of malignancy in various tissues. Among all members of EGFRs, HER2 as an orphan receptor dimerized and activated without presence of any kind of ligands has significant role in incidence of breast ...
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Overexpression and malfunction of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) is associated with occurrence of malignancy in various tissues. Among all members of EGFRs, HER2 as an orphan receptor dimerized and activated without presence of any kind of ligands has significant role in incidence of breast cancer. Herceptin as approved therapeutic monoclonal antibody targets extracellular domain of HER2 and inhibits its dimerization and prevents induction of intracellular signaling cascades. Efficiency of point mutation which offered based on rational design approach for affinity maturation of Herceptin was investigated by 10 ns of molecular dynamic simulation. According to our results, Herceptin with mutated light chain make a more stable complex with HER2 compared to its native type. Asp92 in mutated VL of Herceptin constructs a stable salt bridge with Lys569 on HER2, which decreases the electrostatic energy between VL of Herceptin and HER2, thereby affecting RMSD values of IV-HER2 during 10 ns of MD simulation. Herceptin (VL; Tyr92Asp)-HER2 complex has lower level of total energy during allover of MD simulation compared to Herceptin-HER2 complex. Although Herceptin has high Kd of 5 nM, it has great potential to be enhanced. Our molecular modeling investigation demonstrated that affinity maturation of Herceptin through rational design could be performed via mutation of Tyr92 to Asp in VL chain of antibody. Improvement of Herceptin affinity for HER2 could increase its efficiency and result to reduction of its dose or frequency of administrations.
Biochemistry
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 October 2014
Abstract
Background: Based on the limited and inconsistent results about the effects of exercise on inflammatory markers in serum and saliva, this study was conducted to comparing of serum and saliva C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 responses in healthy men following one bout exhaustive aerobic exercise.Methods: ...
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Background: Based on the limited and inconsistent results about the effects of exercise on inflammatory markers in serum and saliva, this study was conducted to comparing of serum and saliva C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 responses in healthy men following one bout exhaustive aerobic exercise.Methods: In a quasi-experimental pre/post design, twenty two volunteer healthy men (aged 20-30 years and body fat 10-16%) participated in an exhaustive aerobic exercise (Bruce treadmill test). Serum and saliva samples were collected immediately before and after the exercise test. C-reactive protein was determined by immunophotometry and IL-6 was determined by ELISA method. Data were expressed as mean (±SD) and analyzed by t-test and Spearman's correlation coefficient at α≤0.05. Results: The results show that the serum and saliva CRP and IL-6 were significantly increased (P
Biochemistry
reza Haji Hosseini
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 October 2014
Abstract
Introduction:
The aim of this study was to compare the total protein in serum of patient who was exposed to sulfur mustard (SM) during the Iran-Iraq war.
Materials and Methods:
This study included 35 patients exposed to mustard gas (case group) and 35 healthy controls were evaluated. Groups in serum ...
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Introduction:
The aim of this study was to compare the total protein in serum of patient who was exposed to sulfur mustard (SM) during the Iran-Iraq war.
Materials and Methods:
This study included 35 patients exposed to mustard gas (case group) and 35 healthy controls were evaluated. Groups in serum total protein was measured by the Bradford method.
Results:
The average amount of protein in the serum of exposure to mustard gas (patients) compared with a control group, showed no significant difference (05/0
Biochemistry
Nayere Bahamin; Behzad Sareghi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 October 2014
Abstract
In this study, the interaction of various concentrations of Cadmium Sulfate with Peroxidase (E.C 1.11.1.7) was investigated in different temperatures (25-35 °C). For this purpose thermostability, spectrophotometry, spectroflorimetry and kinetics studies were done to obtain thermodynamic parameters including ...
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In this study, the interaction of various concentrations of Cadmium Sulfate with Peroxidase (E.C 1.11.1.7) was investigated in different temperatures (25-35 °C). For this purpose thermostability, spectrophotometry, spectroflorimetry and kinetics studies were done to obtain thermodynamic parameters including ∆G°, ∆H°m, ∆S°m, Tm and also kinetics parameters including Vmax and Km. The results showed that Cadmium Sulfate caused uncompetitive inhibition at different temperatures and increasing of temperature intensified this inhibition effect. Also Cadmium Sulfate was reduced the stability of peroxidase and reduced its Tm. In the spectrophotometric studies the effect of Cadmium Sulfate on the peroxidase in such a way that the absorption in 275nm increased and temperatures increased it too, also the absorption in 404nm (soret bond) decreased and temperature decreased it too. Totally, Cadmium Sulfate ions in a time- and dose- dependent manner and affected by temperature bind to the peroxidase in the heme environment and decrease the thermostability of it, and exert uncompetitive inhibition.
Biochemistry
Zhila Zareie; Alieh Eslampanah; shahriar saeidian
Abstract
The aim of the research is to determine the adequacy of dialysis in patients undergoing hemodialysis through the evaluation of serum Bun and Cr, before and after dialysis and investigate the biochemical effect of dialysis on kidney in Lar city. This research was descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional ...
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The aim of the research is to determine the adequacy of dialysis in patients undergoing hemodialysis through the evaluation of serum Bun and Cr, before and after dialysis and investigate the biochemical effect of dialysis on kidney in Lar city. This research was descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional on 135 patients undergoing dialysis. Data collection was done through the researcher's demographic questionnaire. Blood creatinine and urea levels were measured by Jaffe and enzymatic methods, respectively. Dialysis adequacy was calculated through KT/V and URR parameters. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests in SPSS software and by Pair t-test. Most hemodialysis patients of these centers had KT/V less than 1.2. Also, 36.1% of the subjects had URR>65 and 47.5% had KT/V>1.2. A significant decrease in serum urea and creatinine after dialysis was observed. The comparison of the types of membranes in the amount of urea and creatinine clearance showed a difference between these membranes in correcting the amount of urea and creatinine, So, HD type was the most efficient and the R4 type was the least efficient. The S3 membrane has a higher filtration rate than others, which can be the reason for this difference. The average difference of alkaline phosphatase activity before and after dialysis with S3 membrane was more than other membranes, although this difference was not significant. BUN and creatinine showed a significant decrease after hemodialysis compared to before hemodialysis. The result showed that 36.1% had adequate dialysis; But in others, do not have adequate dialysis efficiency.
Biochemistry
Asiye Seyyed; Seyyede Omolbanin Ghasemian
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases with a high prevalence that increases with age. It is predicted that by 2030, more than 360 million people in the world will have diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of intermittent and continuous training on leptin receptor ...
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Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases with a high prevalence that increases with age. It is predicted that by 2030, more than 360 million people in the world will have diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of intermittent and continuous training on leptin receptor expression in brain tissue and food intake in aged rats. This basic and experimental research was conducted on 32 female Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: healthy control, diabetic control, intermittent training, and continuous training, with each group consisting of 8 samples. The training protocols involved were tailored to test the specific impact of different exercise regimens. The intermittent training group underwent a regime of high-intensity interval training, while the continuous training group engaged in steady-state, moderate-intensity exercise. The control groups did not participate in any structured physical activity. Following the training period, leptin levels and food intake were meticulously measured. Leptin gene expression in the brain tissue was assessed using Real-Time PCR, a highly sensitive and specific method for quantifying gene expression. Food intake was monitored and recorded at the beginning and end of the study period. The results demonstrated a statistically significant increase in leptin gene expression in the brain tissue of the rats subjected to intermittent training (P=0.001). This suggests that intermittent training may more effectively stimulate molecular pathways associated with leptin receptor expression compared to continuous training. Furthermore, a significant difference in food intake was observed between the groups after the eight-week training period (P=0.001). Tukey’s post hoc analysis revealed a significant difference between the high-intensity interval training and continuous training groups in terms of leptin expression (P=0.03), indicating that the type and intensity of training can differentially influence leptin receptor dynamics. Additionally, food intake in the diabetic control group was significantly higher compared to the training groups (P=0.001), suggesting that physical activity can mitigate hyperphagia in diabetic conditions. However, both interval and continuous training exerted a similar effect on overall food intake (P=0.58), implying that while the type of exercise influences leptin expression, the regulation of food consumption might be governed by other compensatory mechanisms. In conclusion, the findings underscore the significant impact of intermittent training on leptin gene expression in brain tissue of aged rats, highlighting its potential advantages over continuous training in modulating molecular markers linked to energy homeostasis. Nonetheless, both training modalities exhibited comparable effects on food intake, emphasizing the complexity of exercise-induced metabolic regulation.
Biochemistry
Parinaz Hajiyousefipour; Mehdi Basaki; Davoud Kianifard; Yousef Panahi; Mehri Anisi
Abstract
Nicotine is a natural alkaloid and the primary cause of tobacco addiction. Nicotine stimulates the brain, raises blood pressure and heart rate, increases metabolic rate, suppresses appetite, and regulates body weight through binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Nicotine causes weight ...
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Nicotine is a natural alkaloid and the primary cause of tobacco addiction. Nicotine stimulates the brain, raises blood pressure and heart rate, increases metabolic rate, suppresses appetite, and regulates body weight through binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Nicotine causes weight loss, enzyme leakage, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress in the liver. To investigate the time-dependent effects of nicotine on liver function rats were injected intraperitoneally daily with of nicotine (2 mg/kg). Forty blood samples were taken at four stages, as four independent groups, before nicotine administration and 30 minutes, one week, and four weeks after the first nicotine administration. Serum glucose, albumin, urea, and uric acid were measured by standard methods. After four weeks of nicotine administration, liver samples were fixed in a 10% formaldehyde solution, and diameters of the central vein, hepatocyte, and sinusoid and thickness of the liver capsule were measured. Short and long-term nicotine administration decreased serum glucose and albumin. Serum urea and uric acid decreased following immediate, short-term, and long-term nicotine administration. Also, the diameter of hepatocytes and sinusoids increased after four weeks of nicotine administration. Nicotine reduces hepatic synthesis of glucose, albumin, urea, and uric acid time-dependently through various regulatory mechanisms. Investigating nicotine's effects on the genes and enzymes involved in liver metabolism will help to clarify the molecular mechanisms of nicotine's effects.
Biochemistry
Pooyan Pedram; Mohammad Fazilati; Marzieh Rashidipour; Habibollah Nazem
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a key enzyme in cellular metabolism found in all animals. It plays a crucial role in converting pyruvate to lactate and vice versa. LDH is present in a wide range of tissues and cells in the animal body. In recent decades, nanoparticles have been utilized due to their unique ...
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Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a key enzyme in cellular metabolism found in all animals. It plays a crucial role in converting pyruvate to lactate and vice versa. LDH is present in a wide range of tissues and cells in the animal body. In recent decades, nanoparticles have been utilized due to their unique properties for designing optical and electronic sensors. This research presents a novel colorimetric method: silver nanoparticles synthesized using chrysanthemum aqueous extract are employed for direct detection of lactate dehydrogenase activity. Initially, chrysanthemums were collected from greenhouses in Mahallat County under the supervision of experts. After separation and powder preparation of the flower part of the plant, chrysanthemum aqueous extract was prepared. Subsequently, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract and addition of silver nitrate solution was investigated by optimizing appropriate conditions. In the next step, two vials were prepared, each containing a reaction mixture comprising Tris-HCl, MgCl2, and NADH. Additionally, one vial contained LDH. Silver nanoparticles and sodium borohydride were then added to the vials. The enzyme can convert NAD+ to NADH. The detection mechanism of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme is based on the aggregation of silver nanoparticles, which leads to an increase in their size and consequently a color change. Thus, the presence or absence of the enzyme can be easily distinguished with the naked eye in a single step. In the presence of the enzyme, the color of the solution used in the study was yellow, while in the absence of the enzyme, the color was grayish. Consequently, lactate dehydrogenase enzyme can be identified with high sensitivity.
Biochemistry
Mostafa Zakariazadeh; Reza Haji Hosseini; Reza Khodarahmi; Somaieh Soltani
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting the central nervous system. It is crucial to prevent and treat this disease. One of the objectives in treating Alzheimer's disease is to impede the function of the butyrylcholinesterase enzyme. Phloretin and trilobatin are ...
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Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting the central nervous system. It is crucial to prevent and treat this disease. One of the objectives in treating Alzheimer's disease is to impede the function of the butyrylcholinesterase enzyme. Phloretin and trilobatin are natural polyphenolic dihydrochalcone compounds. Trilobatin is the glycosylated derivative of phloretin. Studies have indicated the efficacy of these compounds in enhancing learning and memory as well as neuroprotective properties. The effect of these compounds on the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase activity has been investigated in this study. The results were compared in terms of inhibitory activity and molecular mechanism of interaction for each compound. It was found that phloretin and trilobatin inhibited enzyme activity by 42% and 25%, respectively. Prediction of compounds ADMET parameters was done. Molecular docking was utilized to survey the binding mode of compounds, interaction type, and calculate the binding free energy. According to the molecular docking result, the mean binding free energy for the enzymes' interaction with phloretin and trilobatin was calculated to be -6.64(±0.35) and -5.92(±0.93) kcal/mol, respectively. The presence of a glycosylated group in the trilobatin structure increases the number of rotatable bonds, hydrophilicity, and steric hindrance. It seems that these factors reduce the inhibition activity of trilobatin against enzyme in comparison to phloretin. Based on the presented study, these compounds generally don’t have high inhibitory activity, but they can be regarded as key components in the development of novel anti-Alzheimer's drugs or as components of natural anti-Alzheimer's supplements.
Biochemistry
Asieh Emami Nejad; Mohammad Fazilati; Hossein Salavati; Habiballah Nazem
Abstract
The use of protease enzymes and their stabilization has been greatly expanded due to application in various industries. Alkaline serine protease enzymes are very important due to their thermal stability, activity and stability. In this study, a new approach to increase the half-life of alkaline serine ...
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The use of protease enzymes and their stabilization has been greatly expanded due to application in various industries. Alkaline serine protease enzymes are very important due to their thermal stability, activity and stability. In this study, a new approach to increase the half-life of alkaline serine protease enzymes using selenium and calcium nanoparticles was presented. Due to its high biocompatibility, toxicity, and low cost, these nanoparticles have become one of the most prominent non-metallic oxide nanoparticles, which, with their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, can protect against the destruction of enzymes by free radicals. The results showed that these nanoparticles can significantly increase the half-life of these enzymes. On the other hand, the serine protease enzyme immobilized on selenium nanoparticles has unique biochemical characteristics in the presence and absence of calcium. The obtained results indicate that the stabilized enzyme has high activity and stability in a wide range of temperatures and pH compared to pure and impure-free enzyme. The results showed that the enzyme immobilized on selenium nanoparticles increased its activity by more than 99% in the presence of calcium at the temperature of 45°C. On the other hand, the half-life of the free enzyme increased from 95 minutes in the pure form to 115 minutes in the form immobilized on nanoparticles in the presence of calcium. These results indicate that the presence of nanoparticles can prevent the destruction of enzymes by free radicals.
Biochemistry
Shahin Ahmadi; Shahram Lotfi; leila shamakhi; Ali Azimi
Abstract
The increasing use of pesticides following the rising in agricultural, demand has threatened non-target organisms such as avian species and disrupted the ecological system. Therefore, considering the application methods and the nature of chemical pesticides, testing their toxicity level on birds, and ...
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The increasing use of pesticides following the rising in agricultural, demand has threatened non-target organisms such as avian species and disrupted the ecological system. Therefore, considering the application methods and the nature of chemical pesticides, testing their toxicity level on birds, and protecting various species of endangered birds is an essential requirement from the point of view of ecosystem safety. In this study, quantitative structure-toxicity relationships modeling was done for the first time to estimate the toxicity of 244 types of pesticides on five different species of birds consist of bobwhite quail (C. virginianus), mallard duck (A. platyrhynchos), house sparrow (P. domesticus), ring-necked pheasant (P. colchicus), and Japanese quail (C. japonica). All data were randomly divided into four series including active training, passive training, calibration, and test sets. Hybrid optimal descriptors, resulting from the combination of quasi-SMILES descriptors and hydrogen- suppressed graph (HSG) based on a new target function, were used to generate QSTR models. Four target functions (TF0, TF1, TF2, TF3) were used to develop QSTR models and the predictive potential of these models was evaluated using a validation set. The QSTR models designed using TF3 target function with the range of R2 = 0.7218-0.8131 and Q2 = 0.7031-0.7878 for the validation set were statistically the best models. Statistically, the best model is model number six, with R2 values for active training, passive training, calibration, and validation sets equal to 0.836, 0.852, 0.806, and 0.813, respectively. The mean absolute error (MAE) values for the sets of active training, passive training, calibration and validation are 0.371, 0.342, 0.409 and 0.362, respectively, indicating the accuracy of the model created to predict the toxicity of pesticides against five species of endangered birds. From the results of this modeling, important descriptors were identified for increasing and decreasing the average effective toxicity concentration (pLD50) of pesticides. Using the QSTR models obtained from this study, it becomes possible to predict the toxicity (pLD50) of new pesticides even before their synthesis by only having the SMILES symbol of the pesticides, which can help to reduce time, resources, costs and the need for laboratory animals.
Biochemistry
Shahriar Saeidian; Nabi Khalili Aghdam; Zahra Baghaei far; Seyedeh Saleheh Hashemi
Abstract
Bromelain is an aqueous extract of pineapple contains a mixture of thiol proteases and non-protease components. In this research, the method of implementing the research was applied and quantitative, and by conducting the MTT test, information was collected. The results showed by increasing the dose ...
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Bromelain is an aqueous extract of pineapple contains a mixture of thiol proteases and non-protease components. In this research, the method of implementing the research was applied and quantitative, and by conducting the MTT test, information was collected. The results showed by increasing the dose of carbon nanotubes from 1 mg/L to 5 mg/L, the absorption efficiency increases significantly and the absorption capacity decreases and by increasing the initial concentration of Anahil drug from 50 mg/L to 300 mg/L in the dose of carbon nanotubes. No g 1/L the absorption capacity increased from 41.6 mg/g to 162.2 mg/g and in contrast the absorption efficiency decreased from 83.2 percent to 54.067 percent. The parameters of the adsorption equilibrium isotherms showed that the adsorption behavior of Anahil on carbon nanotubes follows the Freundlich model more than the Langmuir model. Also, the values obtained for parameter n in the Freundlich model for both temperatures were higher than 2, indicating the favorable adsorption of Anahil on carbon nanotubes. The results obtained from the MTT test showed that the drug Anahil in high concentrations (100 micrograms per liter) has a very strong lethal effect. It was also shown that the lethal effect of Anahil drug was more at the beginning and decreases with the passage of time. But in the case of the new drug synthesized using the introduction of the Anahil drug to the surface of carbon nanotubes, the lethality rate becomes a constant value, which indicates the gradual release of the drug over time, which is desirable for effective cancer treatment.
Biochemistry
Asiye Seyyed; Fatemeh Harfsheno; Maryam Khorasani nejad; omolbanin ghasemian; Hassan Johari
Abstract
Statement of the problem: The liver is the main organ responsible for metabolic control and metabolic detoxification, which significantly contributes to the clearance of beta-amyloid plaques. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with a supplement of vitamin ...
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Statement of the problem: The liver is the main organ responsible for metabolic control and metabolic detoxification, which significantly contributes to the clearance of beta-amyloid plaques. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with a supplement of vitamin C on liver enzymes and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values in rats with Alzheimer's disease.Materials and Methods: This was an experimental and fundamental research with a post-test and a control group conducted on 35 aged male Sprague-Dawley rats. The samples were randomly assigned to five groups (7 cases in each group), including 1) Alzheimer, 2) the healthy, 3) the exercise group, 4) the vitamin C, and 5) the exercise+vitamin C group. Aerobic exercise was continued for eight weeks, Total protein in liver tissue was measured to assess TAC, Malondialdehyde (MDA, alanine aminotransferase (AST), alkane phosphatase (AST), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels.Results: The values of AST, ALT and ALP, MDA, and TAC in the control group with Alzheimer's disease were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (P<0.05). After the intervention, AST, ALT, and ALP in the exercise and vitamin C supplement groups were significantly lower than in the non-exercise groups (P=0.001).Conclusion: Aerobic exercise and vitamin C supplementation are effective in improving liver factors in rats with Alzheimer's disease; however, they have no therapeutic effect on MDA and TAC levels in rats with Alzheimer's.
Biochemistry
Milad Saffary; Zolfaghar Lotfi; Amir Arasteh
Abstract
Aloysia citrodora is very important in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to produce silver nanoparticles with aqueous extract of A. citrodora and investigate its antioxidant and inhibitory effects on the amyloid nanofibers from BSA as model protein. For synthesis of silver nanoparticles, ...
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Aloysia citrodora is very important in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to produce silver nanoparticles with aqueous extract of A. citrodora and investigate its antioxidant and inhibitory effects on the amyloid nanofibers from BSA as model protein. For synthesis of silver nanoparticles, aqueous A. citrodora extract was prepared and one mM silver nitrate was added to solution. To confirm the presence and determine the size of silver nanoparticles, UV-Vis spectroscopy and TEM were used. The antioxidant effect of the extract was evaluated by DPPH and the production of amyloid fibers was measured by Congored absorption method. The toxicity effect of nanoparticles on neuroblasts was investigated by MTT method and the inhibitory properties of the extract on amyloid production were investigated by TEM. Caryophyllene (7.66%), phytol (7.47%) and limonene (2.68%) were the most abundant compounds. TEM also confirmed spherical crystalline nanoparticles with a size between 30–70 nm. By increasing the concentration of the extract, the antioxidant properties of nanoparticles increased, so that 97.35% of DPPH free radicals were inhibited at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. The highest inhibition of amyloid fibrils production was observed at concentration of 2 mg/ml by 96%, and the highest level of cytotoxicity at a concentration of 2 and with an IC50 of 2.25 mg/ml. The results showed that nanoparticles from A. citrodora leaves with anti–amyloid, antioxidant and anticancer properties can be considered as a new bio–nanomaterial in reducing Alzheimer's and cancer complications.
Biochemistry
Mahdiyee Salehi; m moslehi shad; Seyede Marzieh Hosseini; Fatemeh Ghamari
Abstract
The plant's essential oils have attracted consumers' attention due to their naturalness and unique functional properties such as antioxidants and preservatives and in some disease treatments. Ferulago carduchorum is a native plant that grows in western Iran and was previously used as a natural preservative ...
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The plant's essential oils have attracted consumers' attention due to their naturalness and unique functional properties such as antioxidants and preservatives and in some disease treatments. Ferulago carduchorum is a native plant that grows in western Iran and was previously used as a natural preservative in delaying the destruction of meat and as an antiseptic plant. In this study, the essence of Ferulago carduchorum was examined. The composition of the essential oil, antioxidant properties, total phenolic content, DSC, and FTIR essential oil was investigated by Ferulago carduchorum. To extract the essential oil from the sample, the essential oil was distilled from distilled water in a Clevenger for 7 hours from the Ferulago carduchorum plant. Gas chromatography was used to identify the percentage of compounds in chamomile essential oil. The antioxidant activity of essential oils was determined using the ABTS free radical inhibition method. The folic acid reagent was also used to measure total phenol content. The highest composition of essential oils is α-Pinen, which is 30.18%. The results showed that essential oil with a concentration of 300 mg/ml (highest amount) had the highest antioxidant capacity and the highest percentage of free radical inhibition and essential oil with a concentration of 100 mg/ml (highest range) had the highest phenolic content. This plant can be introduced as a plant with antioxidant properties for the food industry and the treatment and prevention of diseases.
Biochemistry
Ali Ahmadi Shapourabadi; Mohammad Fazilati; Habib-Allah Nazem
Abstract
Lactoferrin is one of the milk proteins that has shown a wide range of physiological activities such as antibacterial, anti-protozoal, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory. In this study, lactoferrin was extracted and purified from cow, sheep and goat ...
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Lactoferrin is one of the milk proteins that has shown a wide range of physiological activities such as antibacterial, anti-protozoal, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory. In this study, lactoferrin was extracted and purified from cow, sheep and goat milk. HPLC analysis and determination of the concentration of these three extracted lactoferrins were performed. Antibacterial activity against Gram negative Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi and gram positive Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus and antioxidant activity were investigated. The activity of lactoferrin against DPPH free radical was investigated. Also, lactoferrin activity was evaluated in neutral acidic and alkaline environments. The combination test with iron was also performed with FeNTA reagent. The findings showed that lactoferrin has the ability to inhibit two bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Also, the evaluation of lactoferrin activity in neutral acidic and alkaline environments showed that lactoferrin is more stable in alkaline environment than other environments. In the combination test with iron, the results indicated the combination of lactoferrin with iron. The percentage of free radical inhibition was equal to %4.49. Also, the results showed that the concentration of lactoferrin in goat's milk is higher than that of sheep's and cow's milk and its amount was equal to 131.66 μg/ml.
