animal biosystematic
Habibe Zare; Batool Gorgin; Fateme Azizzadeh
Abstract
This study examines the status of toxic metals in the soil and fish of the Persian Gulf coast, focusing on Bushehr region. The main goal of this research is to identify and evaluate the concentration of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in soil samples and fish caught from this ...
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This study examines the status of toxic metals in the soil and fish of the Persian Gulf coast, focusing on Bushehr region. The main goal of this research is to identify and evaluate the concentration of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in soil samples and fish caught from this area. Using the standard methods of sampling and chemical analysis, the method recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 3050B) was used as a common acid digestion method, and the necessary data were collected and analyzed. According to the values obtained from five stations on the shores of the Persian Gulf, the concentration of heavy metals, manganese, zinc, chromium and nickel is more than other metals. Also, by examining the average rate of heavy metals in the fish of three Persian Gulf stations, the concentrations of aluminum, zinc, lead, nickel, and copper are the highest. The results showed the presence of high concentrations of some toxic metals in soil and fish, which can be caused by industrial activities, agriculture and oil pollution. These findings raise concerns about ecosystem health and food safety in Bushehr region and emphasize the necessity of management and monitoring measures to reduce pollution and protect natural resources. In general, heavy metals are toxic to the body at very low levels. Aluminum, lead, cadmium, and nickel have a higher degree of toxicity, therefore, the increase of these metals in the tissue of fishes is associated with many risks. The main mechanism of heavy metal toxicity includes the production of free radicals to cause oxidative stress, damage to biological molecules such as enzymes, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and DNA damage.
Samarghand Gafari; Seyed Mohammad Bagher Nabavi; Babak Doustshenas; Nasrin Sakhaei; Sharif Ranjbar
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the diversity and distribution of the Polychaeta species in the Qeshm Island and the effect of desalination plants on their communities. The desalination plants provide a large portion of Qeshm Island drinking water. So, their waste waters could effect ...
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The present study was carried out to investigate the diversity and distribution of the Polychaeta species in the Qeshm Island and the effect of desalination plants on their communities. The desalination plants provide a large portion of Qeshm Island drinking water. So, their waste waters could effect on environment especially benthic animals near the coastline. Substrate sampling was carried out in summer and winter 2014 from 9 stations. Station 1 was situated near (desalination site) with the highest temperature and salinity in both summer and winter season, which shows the effects of drainage waste water on environment condition. The substrates of the most stations were silt-clay. At the stations 4 and 5, which sediments included more silt and clay, organic matters were higher than other stations. In this study 49 genera and species were identified. There was a significant negative correlation between the polychaetes abundances and sediment content of silt and clay observed. The higher abundances of polychaetes were found in the stations with lower content of organic matters and greater grain size sediments. The genera Cossura sp. and Scoloplos simplex which related to Cossuridae and Orbiniidae families respectively were dominant specimens. The lowest level of diversity was estimated in station 1. Diversity and dominance indices at stations near the wastewater outlet showed significant differ in both seasons (P<0.05). Finally, it seems that desalination plant may affects adversely on species diversity by increasing of temperature and salinity in short distances.
Nassir Niamaimandi; Javad Shabani; Abdolrasol Esmaily; Ali Mobarrezi; Gholam Moradi
Abstract
Growth parameters of cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) was estimated from northern Persian Gulf, (27˚ 50´ 06˝ and 30˚ 06´ 07˝N to 52˚ 02´ 56˝and 50˚ 05´ 14˝E) from October 2017 to May 2018. 100 to 150 specimens were randomly separated each time from total catch and mantel length ...
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Growth parameters of cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) was estimated from northern Persian Gulf, (27˚ 50´ 06˝ and 30˚ 06´ 07˝N to 52˚ 02´ 56˝and 50˚ 05´ 14˝E) from October 2017 to May 2018. 100 to 150 specimens were randomly separated each time from total catch and mantel length and body weight were measured by sexes. Based on the Von-Bertalanffy growth formula in males, growth parameters were estimated with K=0.3 year-1 and L∞=37 cm. In females, growth coefficient, K and asymptotic length, L∞ were estimated 0.5 year−1 and 30 cm respectively. Maximum of fishing effort was observed in November 1.08±0.71 kg per trap and minimum was 0.06±0.02 kg per trap in May. Maximum catch per trap was 0.65±0.56 kg in 21-30 m depths and minimum was 0.10±0.05 kg in 41-50 m depths. Low growth coefficients in males and females show that this species reached to maximum growth during presence in the study area. Also, its aggregation in the depths of 30-21 m indicates the accumulation of mature spawning specimens in the area, which needs serious protection.
Tooraj valinasab; Eassa Kamali; Reza Dehghani; Hojjatollah Fourooghifard
Abstract
Abstract The study of age and growth of aquatics is basic and necessary information for further fisheries management. By aging the fishes, we can estimate the population dynamics parameters such as growth and mortality rates. In this study the Otolithes ruber (Tiger toothed croaker) was selected as one ...
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Abstract The study of age and growth of aquatics is basic and necessary information for further fisheries management. By aging the fishes, we can estimate the population dynamics parameters such as growth and mortality rates. In this study the Otolithes ruber (Tiger toothed croaker) was selected as one of the most important and commercial species for aging from September 2008 to November 2009. During 15 months, a total of 540 specimens were collected and 238 sagitta otoliths were extracted and then were sectioned in laboratory using microtome cutter. The sectioned otoliths were aged by reading the increment rings. The overall Von-Bertalanffy growth equation was estimated as L(t)= 72(1-e -0.151(t+1.369)). The smallest fish was 18 cm total length and with an estimated age of 0.25 yrs; and the biggest size was 54 cm with the age of 8 yrs. The Length-weight relationship was found as W=0.0064 TL3.1268. The natural mortality of croaker was estimated 0.4604 per year.
Zahra Moradi; Eisa Solgi
Abstract
The dangers of bio-accumulation of metals at higher levels in the food chain are one of the major concerns in human health. Heavy metals are resistant to degradation and accumulate in the body of aquatic animals, including crayfish. This study was conducted to compare the accumulation of heavy metals ...
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The dangers of bio-accumulation of metals at higher levels in the food chain are one of the major concerns in human health. Heavy metals are resistant to degradation and accumulate in the body of aquatic animals, including crayfish. This study was conducted to compare the accumulation of heavy metals in soft and hard crab blue swimmers of Bushehr shores. Crab samples (40) were collected randomly in the autumn of 1395 using boats and fishing trips from Bushehr coastlines. The acid digestion method was used to prepare the samples. The concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Ni in hard tissue were 90.70±43.01, 52.93±6.78, 37.73±13.85, 23.50±7.76 and 4.37±3.66 mg/kg dry weight respectively and in soft tissue were 83.81±56.94, 17.51±4.11, 92.28±28.69, 69.12±3.73 and 4.24±3.90 respectively. Metal concentrations of hard tissue were significantly higher than those in soft tissue. Based on the results in soft crab tissue, the mean concentration of copper was higher than the WHO and NHMRC standards, the mean concentration of nickel was higher than the WHO and FAO standards and the mean concentration of zinc were lower than the global standard. In the hard tissue, the mean value of copper and nickel was higher than the international standards and Zn lower than these standards. Generally, Ni and Cu were higher than the standards that can create risk to human health.
Nassir Niamaimandi; Azizollah Mahdevi
Volume 7, Issue 1 , September 2018, , Pages 45-53
Abstract
Abstract In the Persian Gulf waters, the sciaenid species, Otolithes ruber, plays an important role in the commercial fishery and to this reason, the resources are under catch pressure. Stock assessment and population dynamics parameters of this species were studied in Bushehr and Khozestan waters from ...
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Abstract In the Persian Gulf waters, the sciaenid species, Otolithes ruber, plays an important role in the commercial fishery and to this reason, the resources are under catch pressure. Stock assessment and population dynamics parameters of this species were studied in Bushehr and Khozestan waters from April 2012 to March 2013. In the present study, 4203 of specimens obtained from gillnet landing places and length frequency data (fork length) were recorded. Length frequency ranging from 11 to 50 cm. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth equation (males and females combined) for asymptotic length (L∞) was 52.5 cm and instantaneous growth coefficient (K) was 1.1 year−1. The instantaneous rates of total mortality (Z), fishing mortality (F) and natural mortality (M) were 3.42, 1.85 and 1.57 per year, respectively. Estimated parameters of precautionary target (Fopt) and limit (Flimit) biological reference points were 0.79 and 1.04 respectively. The values of two parameters Fopt and Flimit were lower than fishing mortality (F) that showed this species is over exploited in the Bushehr and Khozestan waters by gillnet fishery.
tayebeh ghajari; Forogh Papahn
Volume 6, Issue 4 , June 2018, , Pages 41-55
Abstract
Abstract This Study was carried out during 1 years study from August 2013 to February 2014 in costal water in North west of the Persian Gulf. Sampeling was done seasonally from 14 stations in Deylam costal to Bahmanshir River. That eventually 64 bivalvia species from 24 families in costal water of Persian ...
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Abstract This Study was carried out during 1 years study from August 2013 to February 2014 in costal water in North west of the Persian Gulf. Sampeling was done seasonally from 14 stations in Deylam costal to Bahmanshir River. That eventually 64 bivalvia species from 24 families in costal water of Persian Gulf Which identified and classified, they are as below: Nuculidae, Yoldiinae, Donacidae, Semelidae, Tellinidae, Psammobiidae, Solecurtidae, Galeommatidae, Kellidae, Veneridae, Mactridae, Lucinidea, Trapeziinae, Cardiidae, Carditidae, Thracioidea, Periplomatidae, Solenidae, Corbiculidae, Arcidae, Mytilidae, Spondylidae, Placuna placenta, Pteriidae, Ostreidae, Veneridae family with 26%, Mactridae family with 22% and Tellinidae family with 21% are upper abundance in total bivalve’s family.
Faraham Ahmadzadeh; Afarin Shahriyari; Hossein Mostafavi
Volume 6, Issue 3 , March 2018, , Pages 153-161
Abstract
Sphaerodactylidae is a family of geckos comprising 200 species in 12 genera. They are distributed in the Northern and Southern America, the Caribbean, Southern Europe, Northern Africa, Middle East, and Central Asia. Individuals of genus Pristurus are also known as the Semaphore Geckos and consist of ...
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Sphaerodactylidae is a family of geckos comprising 200 species in 12 genera. They are distributed in the Northern and Southern America, the Caribbean, Southern Europe, Northern Africa, Middle East, and Central Asia. Individuals of genus Pristurus are also known as the Semaphore Geckos and consist of 23 to 26 species. Pristurus rupestris is one of the smallest species of the genera which is found throughout the Eastern Arabian Peninsula and Southern Iran. In the current study, the origin and distribution of this species in Iran and the islands in which the presence of this gecko was confirmed, as well as the effects of climate oscillation on the distribution of this species during the periods of geologic events with usage of the mitochondrial marker (12S) was studied. In doing so, ten samples were collected from the species distribution range and their sequences were added to sequences obtained from GenBank and the resulted data set was analyzed using Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods. The results show that all Iranian samples belong to the Eastern Clade. Also, except for Kharg Island, all samples from other islands of the Persian Gulf are similar to those in the mail land. The Haplotype Network illustrated that both Iranian and Omani samples are placed in the same haplogroup and the central haplogroup is located in Oman. We speculate that during the last Ice Age in Pleistocene era, the Iranian individuals were separated from the Arabian ones and arrived in Iran during the Persian Gulf’s drought. Given that the geomorphologic barriers can directly affect the distribution patterns of reptiles, they would be excellent indicators for studying the phylogeographic
Nabiallah Kheirabadi
Volume 6, Issue 2 , December 2017, , Pages 95-106
Abstract
This study was conducted to identification and abundance of shell occupied by hermit crabs in 8 selected stations located in the intertidal zones of southern Qeshm Island. Sampling was conducted during the Dec. 2013. Some of samples of each station were separately fixed in 70% ethanol and were transported ...
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This study was conducted to identification and abundance of shell occupied by hermit crabs in 8 selected stations located in the intertidal zones of southern Qeshm Island. Sampling was conducted during the Dec. 2013. Some of samples of each station were separately fixed in 70% ethanol and were transported to the laboratory. In this study 605 samples of hermit crabs was surveyed. According to our results eight hermit crab species (Clibanarius signatus, Clibanarius virescens, Diogenes avarus, Diogenes planimanus, Dardanus tinctor, Areopaguristes perspicax, Pagurus kulkarniii and Coenobita scaevola) were identified in the intertidal zones of southern Qeshm Island. Our results showed these hermit crabs were occupied with 28, 17, 24, 10, 4, 18, 4 and 3 species of gastropods respectively for protecting their abdominal section. In general 50 gastropod shell species occupied by 8 hermit crabs species. Highest shell occupied by Clibanarius signatus with 28 gastropod shell species. Thais lacera with 13/89% occupations of all the shells was the highest frequent occupied shells. Station 5 (Mangrove forest) had the highest abundance of the hermit crabs and shell occupation.
Musa Keshavarz; Maryam Soyuf Jahromi
Volume 6, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 121-132
Abstract
Sea urchin as a bioerosion, is an effective factors on coral reef ecosystems which the observable biometry of urchin and its relationship with the jaw is important. Therefore, within this survey, sea urchin Echinometra mathaei were examined for summertime (July–September, 2014) between the intertidal ...
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Sea urchin as a bioerosion, is an effective factors on coral reef ecosystems which the observable biometry of urchin and its relationship with the jaw is important. Therefore, within this survey, sea urchin Echinometra mathaei were examined for summertime (July–September, 2014) between the intertidal areas of Dayyer Port (51˚53’49.39ʼ’E, 27˚50ʼ3.57’’N), Iran. A total of 91 individuals lively transferred to a lab. Total wet weight was weighted by a digital scale and the test height and diameters and the jaw length was measured by caliper (0.01 precision). The relationships between heights and diameters with weights were calculated according to indices and the relationships between the jaw lengths and test height and diameter were achieved. The results illustrated that the relationship between test height to its diameter (HDR index) is independent of test diameter (the slop near to zero) and therefore, there is a direct relationship between test height and diameter (a=0.47). Although the highest values of test height and spin length refer to males, but females achieved bigger values of test diameter, height and thickness (mean test height, diameter and thickness of females were 24.13±3.52 mm, 44.93±5.71 mm, 0.83±0.16 mm; and males: 21.22±6.82 mm, 37.67±12.27 mm, and 0.73±0.20 mm, respectively). The test diameter and weight of immature samples were less than 20 mm and 6.66 gr, respectively where can be as a primary criterion of Echinometra mathaei sexual maturity. Two indices HWR and DWR of both females and males had obvious differences with total samples, which also can be related to immature samples. Moreover, the jaw length was half of height (a=0.49, r=0.87) and a quarter of diameter (a=0.25, r=0.89). Results also illustrated well that larger samples had longer jaws that it could help identifying higher erosive samples.
Nabiollah Kheirabadi; Sanaz Stekani; Elaheh Darini; Rohollah Kheirabadi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , December 2016, , Pages 77-86
Abstract
The present work aims to determine fauna and abundance of hermit crabs in the southern Qeshm Island. For these aims, after preview of coastal zone, eight stations were selected in the intertidal zones of southern Qeshm Island. Sampling in these stations was conducted during the Dec. 2013. Totally, 605 ...
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The present work aims to determine fauna and abundance of hermit crabs in the southern Qeshm Island. For these aims, after preview of coastal zone, eight stations were selected in the intertidal zones of southern Qeshm Island. Sampling in these stations was conducted during the Dec. 2013. Totally, 605 specimens of hermit crabs were studied and calculated. For identification and accurate laboratory analysis, some of these specimens were fixed in 70% ethanol and transported to the laboratory. Base on valid identification keys, eight hermit crab species Clibanarius signatus, Clibanarius virescens, Diogenes avarus, Diogenes planimanus, Dardanus tinctor, Areopaguristes perspicax, Pagurus kulkarnii and Coenobita scaevola from six geneses and three families were identified in the intertidal zones of southern Qeshm Island. Also, Clibanarius virescens (Krauss, 1843), was reported in the Persian Gulf for the first time. All identified species were compared with the metatypical hermit crab samples in the Zoological Museum, University of Tehran and the species were verified. Compare the identified species in this study with the other studies showed that identified species in this study are so the same as the Oman Sea and north coast of Arabian Sea species. In addition, Station five (Mangrove Forest) had the highest rate of abundance of hermit crabs.
Sorour Echreshavi; Forough Papani; Ashraf Jazayeri
Volume 4, Issue 4 , May 2016, , Pages 11-17
Abstract
Abstract To identify the species, understanding the characteristics of the species, explore the possibility of speciation, mutations in the study population, and many other purposes. In this method for studying colchesin bath, karyotype use for immature worms. After reviewing the slide karyotype of polychaeta ...
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Abstract To identify the species, understanding the characteristics of the species, explore the possibility of speciation, mutations in the study population, and many other purposes. In this method for studying colchesin bath, karyotype use for immature worms. After reviewing the slide karyotype of polychaeta (Nereis sp.) and observation and analysis of 50 plaque metaphase plate chromosome number of the species found 2n=28 from all set chromosome, 14 pairs of chromosome detected 3 pairs metacentric , 9 pairs from sub metacentric and 2 pairs from telocentric. Since the samples were immature (in seasonal samples weren’t found any adult worm). The sex chromosome are not visible discernable.
