pharmacology
Vida Hojati; Monireh Shafahi
Abstract
Metformin is a biguanide drug that reduces blood glucose levels by reducing glucose production in the liver, reducing intestinal absorption and increasing insulin sensitivity. Metformin has been used to treat type 2 diabetes since the late 1950s and remains the first drug of choice for this disease. ...
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Metformin is a biguanide drug that reduces blood glucose levels by reducing glucose production in the liver, reducing intestinal absorption and increasing insulin sensitivity. Metformin has been used to treat type 2 diabetes since the late 1950s and remains the first drug of choice for this disease. In recent years, it has been reported that metformin has favorable effects in other diseases as well. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to review the therapeutic effects of metformin in other diseases and types of cancer based on the latest research. The present review was collected using keywords from internal databases SID and Irandoc and external databases Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed and Springer. A total of 100 researches between 2010 and 2024 were selected and reviewed with an emphasis on the latest sources. Metformin is considered as the first line of treatment in obese patients who do not have problems such as kidney or liver failure. It has also shown favorable effects on ovarian diseases (such as pycystic ovary syndrome and menstrual irregularity), cognitive, inflammatory, heart, kidney, liver and cancer diseases. Metformin prevents the progression of various diseases such as tumors, autoimmune and hormone-related diseases by regulating multiple signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT3 and mTOR/STAT3 centered on STAT3. Metformin has important neuroprotective effects such as preventing memory loss, stroke, anxiety, inflammation and seizures. It also has antioxidant effects and is useful in preventing aging. Due to the few side effects and of course more clinical research, metformin can probably be used in the prevention or treatment of some diseases in addition to diabetes.
Elham Hoveizi
Abstract
Lung cancer is one the most common cancer in the world and Iran that lead to many deaths. Despite abundant researches, an appropriate cure has not been yet found for cancer. Citrus extract contains abundant anti-oxidative compounds. In this research evaluated and compared the toxic effect ...
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Lung cancer is one the most common cancer in the world and Iran that lead to many deaths. Despite abundant researches, an appropriate cure has not been yet found for cancer. Citrus extract contains abundant anti-oxidative compounds. In this research evaluated and compared the toxic effect of Citrus leaves hydroalcoholic extracts on the proliferation and viability of A459 cancer cells. Citrus leaves extracts were prepared by soxhlet set. A549 cells were proliferated and treated with 0.05-10 mg/ml concentrations of extracts for 72h. Cell viability and morphology were evaluated by MTT assay and acridine orange staining on certain times after treatment. Comparison of the cell viability percent in experimental groups indicated that IC50 were 2, 6, and 8 respectively for Citrus limon, Citrus reticulata, and Citrus aurantium leaves extract (P<0.05). Also, number of apoptotic cells was significantly (P<0.05) more in C.lemon group than C. reticulata and C. aurantium group and indeed, number of apoptotic cells were significantly (P<0.05) more in C. reticulata group than C. aurantium group. Citrus leaves hydroalcoholic extract can induce apoptosis in A549 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner.
P. Boloori; R. Haji Hosseini; R. Shekh-Nejad; M. Hamedani; M. Sajadi; Z. Farsad
Volume 3, Issue 3 , May 2015, , Pages 1-12
Abstract
Abstract The altered or mutated forms of genes known as proto-oncogenes are responsible for promoting cell growth and uncontrolled cell proliferation. An accumulation of many mutations in different and specific genes,over time is required to cause cancer. The pattern of gene expression, also called ...
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Abstract The altered or mutated forms of genes known as proto-oncogenes are responsible for promoting cell growth and uncontrolled cell proliferation. An accumulation of many mutations in different and specific genes,over time is required to cause cancer. The pattern of gene expression, also called molecular signature is unique to a particular class of tumor or tumor cell. This paper describes the latest technique for monitoring the expression of a panel of cancer-specific genes. The PCR technique combines the quantitative performance of SYBR® Green-based real-time PCR is widely used for gene profiling. This technique is cost-effective, easy-to-use, and focuses only on the genes that you desire. In this study the expression of our target genes were quantitatively determined in five human cancer cell lines. We selected gene β-actin as our reference gene. Cells were lysed and the mRNAs were extracted using the RNA Purification Kit and cleaned up with Qiagen RNeasy spin columns. The first-strand cDNA was synthesized according to the High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit protocol. RT-PCR were performed with Gene Expression Assays in an AB step one plus Sequence Detection System. Briefly the expression of p53 was high in both breast cancer cell lines, MCF7, T47-D and lung cancer cells, A549. Src expression was higher in prostate cell line, PC3 and lung cancer cells, A549. Meanwhile SKOV3 (ovarian cancer cell line) showed high expression of her-2 gene. The results clearly show that the expression pattern of this panel of genes was unique to almost every cell line examined.
