Animal physiology
Seyed Reza Pourrabie
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are two important factors in Alzheimer's disease. Many cellular changes, such as oxidative stress, neuronal inflammation, and mitochondrial disorders are also seen in Alzheimer's ...
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Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are two important factors in Alzheimer's disease. Many cellular changes, such as oxidative stress, neuronal inflammation, and mitochondrial disorders are also seen in Alzheimer's disease, which lead to neuronal death. Kaempferol, one of the plant flavonoids derived from the chamomile plant, has important effects on disorders related to brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease due to the production of antioxidants.In this study, the effects of chamomile plant flavonoids on memory disorders in Alzheimer's rats were studied. For prepare and purify kaempferol, the hydroalcoholic extract of the collected chamomiles, and quantitative-qualitative analysis of the chemical substances of the chamomile extract using gas chromatograph connected to mass spectrometer (GC/MS) method were used. In this study, we used of 56 adult male rats were divided into 7 groups including control - vehicle 1 (kaempferol solvent) - vehicle 2 (streptozotocin drug solvent) - Alzheimer's - kaempferol 120mg/kg - kaempferol 250mg/kg - kaempferol 400mg/kg. Diabetes was induced by injecting a single dose of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin intraperitoneally. Kaempferol were administered for 15 days. The shuttle box device was used to measure memory and learning, and the delay time in the shuttle box was recorded. The results were analyzed by SPSS 22 software, ANOVA and Tokay tests. The significance of the data difference was considered at the p ≤ 0.05 levels. The results of the data analysis showed that the doses of 400 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of kaempferol of chamomile plant significantly increased the delay time in entering the dark section at p≤0.001 compared to the control group and improved spatial memory in rats. Which does this effect is probably due to the presence of compounds such as quercetin and phytoestrogens. Also, oxidative stress parameters were significantly reduced in Alzheimer's groups treated with chamomile flavonoids (P < 0.001) . The results of the experiments show that plant flavonoids are able to restore the spatial memory and oxidative stress parameters of the groups treated with streptozotocin to normal levels.
Biochemistry
Milad Saffary; Zolfaghar Lotfi; Amir Arasteh
Abstract
Aloysia citrodora is very important in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to produce silver nanoparticles with aqueous extract of A. citrodora and investigate its antioxidant and inhibitory effects on the amyloid nanofibers from BSA as model protein. For synthesis of silver nanoparticles, ...
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Aloysia citrodora is very important in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to produce silver nanoparticles with aqueous extract of A. citrodora and investigate its antioxidant and inhibitory effects on the amyloid nanofibers from BSA as model protein. For synthesis of silver nanoparticles, aqueous A. citrodora extract was prepared and one mM silver nitrate was added to solution. To confirm the presence and determine the size of silver nanoparticles, UV-Vis spectroscopy and TEM were used. The antioxidant effect of the extract was evaluated by DPPH and the production of amyloid fibers was measured by Congored absorption method. The toxicity effect of nanoparticles on neuroblasts was investigated by MTT method and the inhibitory properties of the extract on amyloid production were investigated by TEM. Caryophyllene (7.66%), phytol (7.47%) and limonene (2.68%) were the most abundant compounds. TEM also confirmed spherical crystalline nanoparticles with a size between 30–70 nm. By increasing the concentration of the extract, the antioxidant properties of nanoparticles increased, so that 97.35% of DPPH free radicals were inhibited at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. The highest inhibition of amyloid fibrils production was observed at concentration of 2 mg/ml by 96%, and the highest level of cytotoxicity at a concentration of 2 and with an IC50 of 2.25 mg/ml. The results showed that nanoparticles from A. citrodora leaves with anti–amyloid, antioxidant and anticancer properties can be considered as a new bio–nanomaterial in reducing Alzheimer's and cancer complications.
Fereshteh Fallah Digsara; Amir Arasteh
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is a plant of the legume family and one of the most important oil plants. Soybean is rich in various proteins and phytochemicals, especially isoflavones. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and inhibitory effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of soybean seed on ...
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Soybean (Glycine max) is a plant of the legume family and one of the most important oil plants. Soybean is rich in various proteins and phytochemicals, especially isoflavones. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and inhibitory effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of soybean seed on acetyl cholinesterase and production of amyloid nanobiofibrils in bovine serum albumin protein as a model protein. First, the yellow soybean seeds was powdered, then its hydro-alcoholic extract was prepared. The extracts composition were obtained by GC-MS spectroscopy. Anti-Alzheimer's effects were performed by measuring antioxidant activity by DPPH method, Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by ellman method and inhibition of the production of amyloid nanobiofibrils by congored absorption method. Transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the presence of amyloid fibrils. The presence of genistein active component in yellow soybean seed extract was confirmed by 2.97% and palmitic and linoleic acids by 3.11 and 10.69%, respectively. Investigation of antioxidant activity of soybean extract in different doses showed that with increasing the concentration of the extract, the percentage of antioxidant activity also increases. Investigation of acetylcholinesterase inhibition using a substrate analogue called acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCI) showed that with increasing the concentration of the extract, the amount of enzyme inhibition increases. The amounts of extract at high concentrations reduced the production of amyloid nanofibrils. This was confirmed by electron microscope images.Yellow soybeans, with their good antioxidant and inhibitory effects on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, can be a good candidate for reducing the side effects of Alzheimer's.
