Fisheries
Elham Abdzadeh; Fatemeh Nazarhaghighi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 December 2013
Abstract
To evaluate the levels of cortisol, glucose and other possible indicators of goldfish ,Carassius auratus, in response to stress, in the first experiment, Bisphenol A (0.5 mg/L), Naphthalene (200 μg/L) and Butachlor (60%) (0.28 µg/L) were added to the aquariums water for two weeks. In the second experiment, ...
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To evaluate the levels of cortisol, glucose and other possible indicators of goldfish ,Carassius auratus, in response to stress, in the first experiment, Bisphenol A (0.5 mg/L), Naphthalene (200 μg/L) and Butachlor (60%) (0.28 µg/L) were added to the aquariums water for two weeks. In the second experiment, intra-peritoneal injections of Bisphenol A, Naphthalene and Butachlor,with dose 50 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 20 μL on the body weight of fish were performed. On the fifth day and the end of the experiment (fifteenth day) as well as 48 hours after injection, blood sampling from caudal vein was taken and levels of cortisol, glucose, total protein and blood plasma were measured inorganic phosphorous. The results showed that the cortisol and glucose levels on day 5, there was a significant difference between control and Butachlor treatments (P 0.05). Comparing the results of the analysis of blood plasma in the fifth and fifteenth days of experiment, it was found that levels of cortisol and glucose in the treatment Butachlor had significantly different together within two periods (P
Biochemistry
Parinaz Hajiyousefipour; Mehdi Basaki; Davoud Kianifard; Yousef Panahi; Mehri Anisi
Abstract
Nicotine is a natural alkaloid and the primary cause of tobacco addiction. Nicotine stimulates the brain, raises blood pressure and heart rate, increases metabolic rate, suppresses appetite, and regulates body weight through binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Nicotine causes weight ...
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Nicotine is a natural alkaloid and the primary cause of tobacco addiction. Nicotine stimulates the brain, raises blood pressure and heart rate, increases metabolic rate, suppresses appetite, and regulates body weight through binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Nicotine causes weight loss, enzyme leakage, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress in the liver. To investigate the time-dependent effects of nicotine on liver function rats were injected intraperitoneally daily with of nicotine (2 mg/kg). Forty blood samples were taken at four stages, as four independent groups, before nicotine administration and 30 minutes, one week, and four weeks after the first nicotine administration. Serum glucose, albumin, urea, and uric acid were measured by standard methods. After four weeks of nicotine administration, liver samples were fixed in a 10% formaldehyde solution, and diameters of the central vein, hepatocyte, and sinusoid and thickness of the liver capsule were measured. Short and long-term nicotine administration decreased serum glucose and albumin. Serum urea and uric acid decreased following immediate, short-term, and long-term nicotine administration. Also, the diameter of hepatocytes and sinusoids increased after four weeks of nicotine administration. Nicotine reduces hepatic synthesis of glucose, albumin, urea, and uric acid time-dependently through various regulatory mechanisms. Investigating nicotine's effects on the genes and enzymes involved in liver metabolism will help to clarify the molecular mechanisms of nicotine's effects.
Kianoosh Zarrinkavyani; Heshmatola Khosravinia; Gholamreza Shahsavari
Abstract
Four hundred forty 1-d- old male neonate broiler chicks were transported over 1200 km on road to investigate the effects of subcutaneous injection of diazepam on blood glucose level, proportional decrease in live weight, yolk sac weight, breast weight and certain behavioral attributes. For this purpose, ...
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Four hundred forty 1-d- old male neonate broiler chicks were transported over 1200 km on road to investigate the effects of subcutaneous injection of diazepam on blood glucose level, proportional decrease in live weight, yolk sac weight, breast weight and certain behavioral attributes. For this purpose, 9 behavioral parameters of birds were measured in 4 sections of the trip. By killing and capturing 8 birds from each treatment at the end of each section of the journey, the physiological parameters were measured. Increased journey duration resulted in linear or nonlinear enhanced live weight and breast loss as well as yolk sac resorption in neonate chicks (p < 0.05). Diazepam at both doses induced prompt sedation within few seconds post injection. Chicks received diazepam injection demonstrated muscle relaxation leading to reduced behaviors involving greater muscular activity. Frequency of moderate- and high-energy demanding behaviors were low to moderate in melatonin-injected chicks. No indication showed greater glucose levels in serum may lead to increased frequency of moderate- or high demanding behavioral attributes. In conclusion, diazepam exerted a range of effects in unpremeditated behavior in broiler chicks during transportation over 1200 km on road. Diazepam was able to reduce high-energy demanding or increase low- or moderate-energy demanding behavioral attributes.
Zeynab Amanzadeh; Felor Zargari; Alireza Khalilaria
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is created by hyperglycemia and impaired insulin secretion, resistance to insulin action or both. Researches show that aqueous extracts of white tea has an antioxidant properties but few studies have been conducted on the effects of diabetic and hyperlipidemic. ...
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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is created by hyperglycemia and impaired insulin secretion, resistance to insulin action or both. Researches show that aqueous extracts of white tea has an antioxidant properties but few studies have been conducted on the effects of diabetic and hyperlipidemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of white tea on the lipid profile and blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In the experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 were; First group, control group that received standard diet and a daily 1ml of distilled water via gavage; the second group, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats; the third group, healthy rats aqueous extract of white tea (1.5 percent) were consumed; the forth group, diabetic rats that were consumed aqueous extracts of white tea (1.5 percent). After the treatment period (30 days) to determine blood glucose levels and lipid profile was performed and the data were analyzed with SPSS software (P<0.05). A significant decreases in serum levels of glucose, LDL, cholesterol and triglyceride and significant increase in levels of HDL and weight were observed in the group receiving aqueous extract of white tea (P<0.05). The results showed that aqueous extracts of white tea decreases serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels significantly (P<0.05). The aqueous extracts of white tea is effective for hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats.
Tahereh Karimi-Shayan; Valiollah Khalaji-Pirbalouti; Mostafa Shakhsi-Niaei
Volume 5, Issue 4 , May 2017, , Pages 31-38
Abstract
Glucose is one of the most important sources of energy in the body. Glucose transport into the cell is an example of important facilitated diffusion which carried out by carrier proteins called Glucose transporters (GLUTs). Among Glucose transporters Glut4 and Glut12 are only sensitive transporters to ...
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Glucose is one of the most important sources of energy in the body. Glucose transport into the cell is an example of important facilitated diffusion which carried out by carrier proteins called Glucose transporters (GLUTs). Among Glucose transporters Glut4 and Glut12 are only sensitive transporters to the insulin that the Glut4 gene has been deleted in birds. On the other hand, level of blood glucose in birds is about 200-500 mg/dl and higher than mammals. In this study, glucose tolerance was investigated in three two-month ancestral birds, ostriches, to evaluate glucose homeostasis in the absence of Glut4. Results showed that glucose level returned to its normal levels nearly after two hours, similar to human. Briefly, It can be concluded that lack of insulin sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4, has not a significant role in ostrich, because this bird promptly clear additional glucose from blood but still maintain it about 2.5-fold as mammals. Therefore, it seems that SLC2A4 is not the reason of high blood glucose levels in birds.
A Mir-Aali; A A. Movahedi-Nia; R Abdi; Salati M. P.
Volume 3, Issue 1 , January 2015, , Pages 59-64
Abstract
Abstract 144 juvenile Sobaity, Sparidentex hasta, after acclimation to laboratory conditions and sea water (40ppt) for one week, sea water was used with different salinities (5, 20 and 60ppt) and seawater (40ppt) as control. Samplings were performed at 6 and 12 hours, 1, 2, 7 and 14 days after the time ...
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Abstract 144 juvenile Sobaity, Sparidentex hasta, after acclimation to laboratory conditions and sea water (40ppt) for one week, sea water was used with different salinities (5, 20 and 60ppt) and seawater (40ppt) as control. Samplings were performed at 6 and 12 hours, 1, 2, 7 and 14 days after the time of changing in environmental salinities. Blood samples were collected for plasma cortisol, glucose and electrolytes analysis. According to the results, plasma levels of cortisol showed significant increases in 5 and 60 ppt environment in relation to control and 20ppt groups 12 hours from the beginning of the experiment. However in 24h samples up to the end of the experiment (14days) there were no significant differences among treatments. Plasma glucose levels showed a significant increase only at 12h sampling time in relation to 6 and 24hours in fish adapted to 5 and 60ppt. Plasma Ca++ concentrations had no significant changes during experiment. Plasma Mg++ amounts decreased significantly in 5 and 20 ppt groups in relation with control at 24 h sampling time. In conclusion, cortisol has important role in adaptation to both 5 and 60ppt at the beginning of the exposure, because of its significant increase at just 12 hours in 5 and 60 ppt than the controls, but the role of cortisol has been replaced with other changes in osmoregulatory related tissues and cells according to the plasma cortisol amounts in 5 and 60ppt that returned to the basic levels.
