Fredun Hassani; Tahere Abyavi; Ali Taheri mirghaed; Rahim Payghan; Mojtaba Alishahi
Abstract
Extensive and long-term use of chemical compounds causes microorganisms ability to adapt with the antimicrobial agents used against them, reduced the effect of drugs, and in return make microbes resistant. Plant essential oils have been studied as antimicrobial and antifungal compounds in the pharmacology, ...
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Extensive and long-term use of chemical compounds causes microorganisms ability to adapt with the antimicrobial agents used against them, reduced the effect of drugs, and in return make microbes resistant. Plant essential oils have been studied as antimicrobial and antifungal compounds in the pharmacology, microbiology and medicine fields. In this study, the essential oils of Ziziphora cliniopodiodes, Thymus vulgaris and Salvia rosmarinus to fungal pathogens including Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavusus, Saprolegnia spp., Fusarium spp., and bacteria pathogens including Streptococcus mitis, Lactococcus Garvieae, Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas hydrophila were examined. Evaluation of antifungal and antibacterial activity by Tube dilution method used for determine the minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and fungicide (MFC). Based on the results of MIC and MFC, the highest antifungal properties were obtained for thyme essential oils to Aspergillus fumigatus (0.023 ± 0.015 and 0.046±0.03 μl/ml) and the lowest fungicidal property of rosemary essential oil against Aspergillus niger (1.66±0.72 and 3.33±1.44) were obtained and there was a significant difference with other treatments (P<0.05). According to the results of MIC and MBC, the lowest concentrations obtained against bacteria were related to the essential oil of Z. clinopodioides against Streptococcus mitis (0.016±0.005 and 0.033±0.011 μl/ml), which were obtained with essential oil of rosemary was significantly different (P<0.05). According to this study, essential oils of Z. clinopodioides, thyme and rosemary can be used to control and prevent fungal and bacterial diseases of Aquatic animals.
Somayeh Farahmand; Faezeh Fatemi; Marzieh Dehghan Shasaltaneh; Reza Haji Hosseini; Shahriar Saeedyan
Abstract
In Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, proteins, like CoxB, present in the electron transmission pathway. The structure of CoxB has two copper atoms (CuA, CuB). CuA plays an important role in electron transport. According to previous studies, the conversion of histidine to methionine in a similar protein ...
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In Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, proteins, like CoxB, present in the electron transmission pathway. The structure of CoxB has two copper atoms (CuA, CuB). CuA plays an important role in electron transport. According to previous studies, the conversion of histidine to methionine in a similar protein leads to an increase the stability of protein and to improve its function. Also, the binding of methionine to CuB in the wild protein structure is another reason for the selection of the H230M mutation in CuA site. Wild-type and H230M mutants are simulated in the presence of a bilayer membrane POPC using the gromacs version 5.1.4. The conformational changes of mutated protein were investigated by RMSD, RMSF, SASA, Rg, DSSP, density, MSD, thickness, PCA, ED, DCCM and FEL analysis. The results of the wild protein and H230M mutant analysis show that the bacteria still preserves its sustainability after mutation. It seems that the H230M mutation leads to the increase of the amount of electron reception that requires further studies in this regard. Molecular dynamic simulation and principal component analysis provide compelling evidence that this H230M mutation contributes to increase the stability of protein. Thus, this finding defines new approaches in structural properties, accurate survey, and probability improves the electron transfer.
