Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 February 2015
Abstract
Abstract The altered or mutated forms of genes known as proto-oncogenes are responsible for promoting cell growth and uncontrolled cell proliferation. An accumulation of many mutations in different and specific genes,over time is required to cause cancer. The pattern of gene expression, also called molecular ...
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Abstract The altered or mutated forms of genes known as proto-oncogenes are responsible for promoting cell growth and uncontrolled cell proliferation. An accumulation of many mutations in different and specific genes,over time is required to cause cancer. The pattern of gene expression, also called molecular signature is unique to a particular class of tumor or tumor cell. This paper describes the latest technique for monitoring the expression of a panel of cancer-specific genes. The PCR technique combines the quantitative performance of SYBR® Green-based real-time PCR is widely used for gene profiling. This technique is cost-effective, easy-to-use, and focuses only on the genes that you desire. In this study the expression of our target genes were quantitatively determined in five human cancer cell lines. We selected gene β-actin as our reference gene. Cells were lysed and the mRNAs were extracted using the RNA Purification Kit and cleaned up with Qiagen RNeasy spin columns. The first-strand cDNA was synthesized according to the High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit protocol. RT-PCR were performed with Gene Expression Assays in an AB step one plus Sequence Detection System. Briefly the expression of p53 was high in both breast cancer cell lines, MCF7, T47-D and lung cancer cells, A549. Src expression was higher in prostate cell line, PC3 and lung cancer cells, A549. Meanwhile SKOV3 (ovarian cancer cell line) showed high expression of her-2 gene. The results clearly show that the expression pattern of this panel of genes was unique to almost every cell line examined.
Biochemistry
Pooyan Pedram; Mohammad Fazilati; Marzieh Rashidipour; Habibollah Nazem
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a key enzyme in cellular metabolism found in all animals. It plays a crucial role in converting pyruvate to lactate and vice versa. LDH is present in a wide range of tissues and cells in the animal body. In recent decades, nanoparticles have been utilized due to their unique ...
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Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a key enzyme in cellular metabolism found in all animals. It plays a crucial role in converting pyruvate to lactate and vice versa. LDH is present in a wide range of tissues and cells in the animal body. In recent decades, nanoparticles have been utilized due to their unique properties for designing optical and electronic sensors. This research presents a novel colorimetric method: silver nanoparticles synthesized using chrysanthemum aqueous extract are employed for direct detection of lactate dehydrogenase activity. Initially, chrysanthemums were collected from greenhouses in Mahallat County under the supervision of experts. After separation and powder preparation of the flower part of the plant, chrysanthemum aqueous extract was prepared. Subsequently, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract and addition of silver nitrate solution was investigated by optimizing appropriate conditions. In the next step, two vials were prepared, each containing a reaction mixture comprising Tris-HCl, MgCl2, and NADH. Additionally, one vial contained LDH. Silver nanoparticles and sodium borohydride were then added to the vials. The enzyme can convert NAD+ to NADH. The detection mechanism of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme is based on the aggregation of silver nanoparticles, which leads to an increase in their size and consequently a color change. Thus, the presence or absence of the enzyme can be easily distinguished with the naked eye in a single step. In the presence of the enzyme, the color of the solution used in the study was yellow, while in the absence of the enzyme, the color was grayish. Consequently, lactate dehydrogenase enzyme can be identified with high sensitivity.
Seraj Bita; Mehrzad Mesbah; Ali Shahryari; Masood Ghorbaanpoor Najafabad
Abstract
Abstract In this study, in order to investigate the antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles that were synthesized using Sargassum seaweed extract by biological extracellular method, Mesophile Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria and psychrophilic bacteria skin of common carp exposed ...
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Abstract In this study, in order to investigate the antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles that were synthesized using Sargassum seaweed extract by biological extracellular method, Mesophile Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria and psychrophilic bacteria skin of common carp exposed to three concentration (0.11, 1.13, 5.67 mg/L AgNP) of this silver nanoparticles were studied for 14 days. The results showed that with increasing concentration of silver nanoparticles, the load of Enterobacteriaceae and Mesophile significantly reduced compared with control (p0.05). The lowest bacterial count was related to enterobacteria (log cfu/cm2 1.00±0.01), when exposed to concentration 1.13 mg/L AgNP. Lactic acid bacteria in all treatments and in control, did not grow until the last day of exposure.
Fisheries
Bita Seraj; Mesbah Mehrzad; Paria Akbari
Abstract
In this study, in addition to the LC50 and the maximum allowable concentration, effects of silver nanoparticles on several of immune and blood serum enzymes parameters of Barbus grypus were determined For this purpose, 240 shirbut, to investigate the effects of sub lethal toxicity were divided as follows-control ...
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In this study, in addition to the LC50 and the maximum allowable concentration, effects of silver nanoparticles on several of immune and blood serum enzymes parameters of Barbus grypus were determined For this purpose, 240 shirbut, to investigate the effects of sub lethal toxicity were divided as follows-control treatment (G1), the concentration LC50 1% (0.012 mg/L AgNP) (G2), concentration LC50 2% (0.025 mg/L AgNP) (G3) and concentration LC50 4% (0.05 MG/L AgNP) (G4) and concentration LC50 8% (0.1 Mg/ L AgNP) (G5). Then on days zero, 7, 14 and 21 immune responses and serum enzymes (ALT, LDH, SGOP, SGPT) in Barbus grypus were measured. In the study, WBC counts increased significantly (P<0.05) in G2, G3, G4 and G5 treatments compared to control (G1). Serum anti-bacterial activity was enhanced in G3 in twenty first day and G4 and G5 in 14th and 21s days in compared to control. Serum lysozyme activity enhanced significantly (P<0.05) in (G4) in 14th and (G5) 14th and 21s in days compared to control. ALT and LDH Level decreased significantly in (G2), (G3), (G4) and (G5) treatments in 21s day compared to control. SGPT level decreased significantly in (G2), (G3), (G4) and (G5) in 21s day compared to control. SGOT level decreased significantly in (G3), (G4) and (G5) treatments in 21s day compared to control. According to the results of this study concentrations toxicity of nano silver increased immune responses and serum enzymes.
A Louei Monfared; A Kalili; L Khalili; M.R Kalbasi
Volume 3, Issue 3 , May 2015, , Pages 13-22
Abstract
Abstract Present work investigates the effects of nanosilver administration on histology of gill by direct and indirect methods in rainbow trout larva. In the direct mode, 300 larvae were divided to 6 equal groups randomly and exposed to 0.015, 0.031, 0.062, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 ppm over 25 days. In the ...
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Abstract Present work investigates the effects of nanosilver administration on histology of gill by direct and indirect methods in rainbow trout larva. In the direct mode, 300 larvae were divided to 6 equal groups randomly and exposed to 0.015, 0.031, 0.062, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 ppm over 25 days. In the indirect mode, 50 larvae were exposed to zeolite covered by silver nanoparticles. In addition, 50 larvae were kept in the incubators which free of any additive nanomaterials as control. In all of the experimental groups, on the days 4, 8, 12 and 25 after treating tissue samples were taken and histological alterations of the gill were examined. In the gill tissues of the direct exposed to nanosilver as 0.062 and greater concentrations; severe histoloogical and histometrical alterations include aneurism in the secondary lamellae of gills, hyperplasia of epithelium of gills as well as the adhesion of the gill lamellae were seen, as compared with control animals. In addition, in the direct exposing method; any increasing in the silver nanoparticles concentrations could lead to significant elevation in the gill lamellar as well as filament diameters (p≤0.05). Furthermore, indirect exposure to silver nanoparticles could not affect the gill integrity. It is concluded that nanosilver administration in the larval stage of the trout must be taken by zeolite covered by silver nanoparticles.
