animal biosystematic
Fatemeh Fakharzadeh; Somayeh Horobi
Abstract
Two species, green toad (Bufotes viridis) from true toads (Bufonidae) family and Marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) from true frogs (Ranidae) family have the most distribution in Khuzestan province. These species have many taxonomic problems and the chromosomal studies have been done in the country are ...
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Two species, green toad (Bufotes viridis) from true toads (Bufonidae) family and Marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) from true frogs (Ranidae) family have the most distribution in Khuzestan province. These species have many taxonomic problems and the chromosomal studies have been done in the country are few. In the field studies, 28 samples of anura including 17 green toads and11marsh frogs were collected from northwest and south of Khuzestan province (Shush, Khorramshahr and Hendijan). Sampling was done between the summer of 2018 and the summer of 2019. Chromosome studies showed all green toads have 22n=22 chromosomes that were classified into two groups. The first group included 6pairs of large chromosomes and the second group composed of 5pairs of small chromosomes. In the toads of all three studied regions, the fourth and seventh pairs of chromosomes were submetacentric and the rest chromosomes were metacentric. Results showed all collected marsh frogs have 2n=26 chromosomes, which were divided into two groups. The first group included 5pairs of large chromosomes and the second group had 8 pairs of small chromosomes. The karyotype formula of the frogs of the three sampling areas are not the same. The karyotype formula of Khorramshahr, Shush and Hendijan frogs are 8m+1sm+4st, 7m+3sm+3st and 6m+6sm+1st, respectively. Sex heteromorphic chromosomes were not observed in any of the collected samples. Current study on marsh frogs and its comparison with other investigations shows a significant diversity in terms of karyotype in the country, which strengthens the possibility of the existence of a species complex.
Fatemeh Fakharzadeh; Forough Seydi Avandi
Abstract
Abstract Variable toad (Bufotes variabilis) is a member of the Bufotes viridis complex in Bufonidae family. Although this species broadly spreads in the western part of Iran, few studies have been carried out on different populations of this species in Iran, especially in Khuzestan province. ...
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Abstract Variable toad (Bufotes variabilis) is a member of the Bufotes viridis complex in Bufonidae family. Although this species broadly spreads in the western part of Iran, few studies have been carried out on different populations of this species in Iran, especially in Khuzestan province. Totally 59 specimens were collected from Behbahan, Masjed Soleyman and Dehdez from June 2016 to September 2017. Analysis of variance (Anova) confirmed the separation of populations in 11 characters. The results of t-test showed no sexual dimorphism in the studied populations. The results of the discriminant analysis showed that both functions are significant. Scatter plot of canonical functions shows that according to the first function, the specimens of Behbahan are partially separated from specimens of two other regions and according to the second function, specimens of the Masjed Soleyman are clearly separated from specimens of two other regions. Overall, 89.8% of the toads were placed in their expected groups. Karyological studies demonstrate that all samples are diploid and have 2n=22. These chromosomes are classified into two groups. The first group consists of 6 pairs of large chromosomes and the second group contains 5 pairs of small chromosomes. In all samples of the three mentioned areas, 8 pairs of chromosomes are metacentric and 3 pairs of chromosomes are sub metacentric. Such karyotype pattern has been reported in many species of the genus Bufotes.
