animal biosystematic
Hassan Ghahari; Majid Navaeian; Hadi Ostovan
Abstract
Biodiversity and sustainable development are important goals in environmental protection that in order to have high biodiversity, it is necessary to identify and preserve ecosystems and all species of animals and plants as well as microorganisms in it. Predator bugs (Heteroptera) are efficient predators ...
Read More
Biodiversity and sustainable development are important goals in environmental protection that in order to have high biodiversity, it is necessary to identify and preserve ecosystems and all species of animals and plants as well as microorganisms in it. Predator bugs (Heteroptera) are efficient predators in most agroecosystems, which have powerful role for control of agricultural pests. These beneficial insects were evaluated under four categories a/ species diversity, b/ percentage of relative abundance and structure of species composition, c/ habitat similarity index, and d/ population fluctuation in sugar beet fields of six provinces (Isfahan, Hamadan, Golestan, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari, West Azarbaijan and Khuzestan) during 2009-2013. In this research, in total of 24 species under six families, Anthocoridae (eight species, two genera), Geocoridae (three species, single genus), Miridae (three species, single genus), Nabidae (three species, single genus) and Reduviidae (seven species, seven genera) were collected and identified. Additionally, totally 216 specimens of predator bugs were collected from sugar beet fields, which Orius albidipennis, O. laevigatus and O. laticollis with 11.1%, 10.6% and 9.7% of percentage of relative abundance, respectively have the highest abundance among all the species and are dominant species. The highest habitat similarity was obtained between Myandoab (West Azarbaijan province) and Dezful (Khuzestan province) (57.1%). The maximum population density (3.92) was obtained in July.
Mehrdad Amooghli-Tabari; Hassan Ghahari
Abstract
Rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the key pest of paddy fields in northern Iran which the overwintering larvae look for shelters after rice harvesting. Since these natural shelters are the main infestation centers for the next crop year, an investigation included ...
Read More
Rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the key pest of paddy fields in northern Iran which the overwintering larvae look for shelters after rice harvesting. Since these natural shelters are the main infestation centers for the next crop year, an investigation included two experiments was conducted in 10 localities of Mazandaran province (including, Mahmud-Abad, Fereydon-Kenar, Babolsar, Hassan-Abad, Naej, Babolkan, Haraz, Bandpey, Nezam-Abad, Amol Rice Research Institute) for three years. The conducted experiments were: Appointment of population transportation process of overwintering larvae and appointment of rice infestation to the larvae in cultural season. The results indicated that the highest density of living larvae was determined in the first stage of sampling (after crop harvesting) in Babolsar, Fereydon-Kenar and Amol, and the lowest one was obtained in the last stage of sampling (February) in Haraz region. The highest (%1.25) and the lowest (%0.87) percent of dead heart were obtained in Fereydon-Kenar and Haraz, and the highest (%1.3) and the lowest (%0.88) percent of white head in Babolsar and Bandpey, respectively. The results of faunistic surveys indicated that there is a diverse fauna of natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) of C. suppressalis in paddy fields of Mazandaran province. In total, 30 species of predators (Aves: 4 species; Chilopoda: 3; Araneae: 5; predator insects: 18), and 28 species of parasitoids of Acari (one species) and parasitoid insects (27 species) were collected and identified.
Hassan Ghahari
Abstract
Species diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) within three subfamilies Dolichoderinae, Formicinae and Myrmicinae was studied in forest ecosystems in northern parts of Iran. The sampled areas of the present research were Jangal-e 2000 and 3000 Tonekabon, Dalkhani forest in Ramsar, Khoshrudpey forest ...
Read More
Species diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) within three subfamilies Dolichoderinae, Formicinae and Myrmicinae was studied in forest ecosystems in northern parts of Iran. The sampled areas of the present research were Jangal-e 2000 and 3000 Tonekabon, Dalkhani forest in Ramsar, Khoshrudpey forest in Galogah, Urim forst in Savadkuh (Mazandaran province), Abr forest in Shahrud (Semnan province), Arasbaran forests (East Azarbaijan province), Golestan National Park (Golestan province), and Guisum forest in Talesh (Guilan province). In total, 27 species within 12 genera and three subfamilies Dolichoderinae (two species, one genus), Formicinae (10 species, five genera) and Myrmicinae (15 species, six genera) were collected and identified. Upon the results of this research, the highest niche similarity index was obtained between Abr forest and Golestan National Park (75%), and then Dalkhani forest and Jangal-e 2000 and 3000 (55.5%). Among the collected species, three species Tapinoma erraticum (Latreille, 1798), Cataglyphis livida (André, 1881) and Monomorium abeillei André, 1881 with 22, 20 and 18 collected specimens, and 6.89%, 6.26% and 5.64% of abundance percentage, respectively are dominant species in forest ecosystems in northern Iran.
Hassan Ghahari
Abstract
Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) are one of the most important agricultural pests in fields, greenhouses and orchards which damage to various agricultural crops. Up on the conducted samplings through 2000-2004 in different regions of Guilan province on the base of collecting the whiteflies’ ...
Read More
Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) are one of the most important agricultural pests in fields, greenhouses and orchards which damage to various agricultural crops. Up on the conducted samplings through 2000-2004 in different regions of Guilan province on the base of collecting the whiteflies’ pupae from the host plants, 18 species including, Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, 1915, Aleurochiton acerinus Haupt, 1934, Aleurolobus marlatti Quaintance, 1903, Aleurolobus moundi David & Subramaniam, 1976, Aleurolobus olivinus Silvestri, 1911, Aleyrodes elevatus Silvestri, 1934, Aleyrodes lonicerae Walker, 1852, Aleyrodes proletella (Linnaeus, 1758), Bemisia afer (Priesner & Hosny, 1934), Bemisia carpini (Koch, 1857), Bemisia mesasiatica Danzig, 1969, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889), Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead, 1885), ialeurodes kirkaldyi (Kotinsky, 1907), Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana, 1927), Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday, 1835), Trialeurodes packardi (Morrill, 1903) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood, 1856) were determined. The identified aleyrodids are belonging to nine genera, and all in the subfamily Aleyrodinae. In addition to introducing of aleyrodids of Guilan, identification key and host plants are given for all the species.
Hassan Ghahari
Abstract
Abstract Population fluctuation of sunn pests’ parasitoids was studied in 3 different regions Garmsar (Semnan province), Islam-Shahr (Tehran province) and Savojbelagh (Alborz province). Totally nine parasitoid species including, Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston, 1858), T. djadetshkoi Rjachovsky, 1959, ...
Read More
Abstract Population fluctuation of sunn pests’ parasitoids was studied in 3 different regions Garmsar (Semnan province), Islam-Shahr (Tehran province) and Savojbelagh (Alborz province). Totally nine parasitoid species including, Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston, 1858), T. djadetshkoi Rjachovsky, 1959, T. grandis Thomson, 1861, T. rufiventris Mayr, 1908, T. semistriatus Nees, 1834, T. simoni Mayr, 1879, T. vassilievi Mayr, 1903, T. festivae (Viktorov, 1964) (Scelionidae) and Ooencyrtus telenomicida (Vassiliev, 1904) (Encyrtidae) were collected and identified. Upon the samplings in Garmsar 3 species T. semistriatus, T. grandis and T. rufiventris were collected which the percent parasitism of the two dominant species T. semistriatus and T. grandis were obtained 28.32% and 39.78%, respectively in 5th May. In Islam-Shahr 5 species T. grandis, T. vassilievi, T. basalis, T. simoni and O. telenomicida were collected which of these, T. grandis was determined as the dominant species with 49.72% parasitism in 8th April. In Savojbelagh 4 species T. vassilievi, T. rufiventris, T. djadetshkoi and T. festivae were collected which 2 of them T. vassilievi and T. chloropus with 24.56% and 18.37% parasitism respectively, were the dominant species. About the sex ratio of the mentioned parasitoids, the mean percent producing of females was higher than males in all the sampled regions.
Hassan Ghahari
Abstract
Abstract Encarsia Förster (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) are the powerful parasitoids of whiteflies and armored scales (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, Diaspididae) in most regions of the world which have efficient role in biological control of these pests in fields, orchards and greenhouses. ...
Read More
Abstract Encarsia Förster (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) are the powerful parasitoids of whiteflies and armored scales (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, Diaspididae) in most regions of the world which have efficient role in biological control of these pests in fields, orchards and greenhouses. The fauna of Encarsia was studied in Golestan province (Northern Iran) by collecting their main hosts, whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), and rearing of hosts in optimum condition. In total, 12 Encarsia species including, Encarsia acaudaleyrodis Hayat, 1976, Encarsia auranti (Howard, 1894), Encarsia azimi Hayat, 1986, Encarsia berlesei (Howard, 1906), Encarsia elegans Masi, 1911, Encarsia fasciata (Malenotti, 1917), Encarsia formosa Gahan, 1924, Encarsia inaron (Walker, 1839), Encarsia lounsburyi (Berlese & Paoli, 1916), Encarsia lutea (Masi, 1909), Encarsia mineoi Viggiani, 1982 and Encarsia perniciosi (Tower, 1913) were collected and identified. In this investigation, additionally to the faunistic study on Encarsia in Golestan province, synonymies, distribution, descriptions and identification key of species are given.
