pharmacology
Vida Hojati; Monireh Shafahi
Abstract
Metformin is a biguanide drug that reduces blood glucose levels by reducing glucose production in the liver, reducing intestinal absorption and increasing insulin sensitivity. Metformin has been used to treat type 2 diabetes since the late 1950s and remains the first drug of choice for this disease. ...
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Metformin is a biguanide drug that reduces blood glucose levels by reducing glucose production in the liver, reducing intestinal absorption and increasing insulin sensitivity. Metformin has been used to treat type 2 diabetes since the late 1950s and remains the first drug of choice for this disease. In recent years, it has been reported that metformin has favorable effects in other diseases as well. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to review the therapeutic effects of metformin in other diseases and types of cancer based on the latest research. The present review was collected using keywords from internal databases SID and Irandoc and external databases Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed and Springer. A total of 100 researches between 2010 and 2024 were selected and reviewed with an emphasis on the latest sources. Metformin is considered as the first line of treatment in obese patients who do not have problems such as kidney or liver failure. It has also shown favorable effects on ovarian diseases (such as pycystic ovary syndrome and menstrual irregularity), cognitive, inflammatory, heart, kidney, liver and cancer diseases. Metformin prevents the progression of various diseases such as tumors, autoimmune and hormone-related diseases by regulating multiple signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT3 and mTOR/STAT3 centered on STAT3. Metformin has important neuroprotective effects such as preventing memory loss, stroke, anxiety, inflammation and seizures. It also has antioxidant effects and is useful in preventing aging. Due to the few side effects and of course more clinical research, metformin can probably be used in the prevention or treatment of some diseases in addition to diabetes.
genetics
Hanieyh Heydarzadeh; Vida Hojati; Farid Ebnerasuly
Abstract
Blood fat is a global and increasing problem in all countries, including Iran, and one of the most important threats to society's health. High blood fat as a multifactorial problem is under the influence of various factors, especially metabolic and genetic factors. The aim of this study is to investigate ...
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Blood fat is a global and increasing problem in all countries, including Iran, and one of the most important threats to society's health. High blood fat as a multifactorial problem is under the influence of various factors, especially metabolic and genetic factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the rs2016520 polymorphism in the PPARD gene and its relationship with the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Blood sampling from 137 people, including 83 Iranian women and 54 men, including 79 healthy people or controls (normal LDL) (57.7%) and 58 people with LDL above 130 (42.3%) in the age range of 18 to 60 years. It was done after obtaining consent. DNA was extracted by a ready kit. The concentration and quality of isolated DNA were measured by spectrophotometry and agarose gel. Genotypes were identified by PCR-RFLP method. 6% frequency of genotypes in the group with normal LDL: 3.8% for CC, 36.7% for CT and 59.5% for TT genotype and in the group with LDL higher than 130: 12.1% for CC, 37.9% for CT and it was 0.50% for TT genotype. The difference in the frequency of genotypes between the two groups with normal LDL and the group with LDL above 130 was not significant (p > 0.05). 2.56% of the samples had a BMI lower than 25 and 43.8% had a BMI higher than 25. The results of the present study did not show a significant relationship between rs2016520 polymorphism and LDL level.
animal biosystematic
Faramarz Esfandiari; Vida Hojati
Abstract
The protected area of Talo and Shirband, which was one of the prohibited hunting areas of Semnan province until 2019, is located in the northeast of Damghan city. This region has rich and varied biodiversity, cold and dry weather in winter, and hot and dry in summer. Since there is a wide variety of ...
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The protected area of Talo and Shirband, which was one of the prohibited hunting areas of Semnan province until 2019, is located in the northeast of Damghan city. This region has rich and varied biodiversity, cold and dry weather in winter, and hot and dry in summer. Since there is a wide variety of reptiles in the mentioned area, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the fauna of lizards and turtles in the protected area of Talo and Shirband. The samples were collected from April to the end of September 2016 from early morning to late night in different stations of the region. The samples were identified based on valid identification keys and subjected to morphometric and meristic analysis. Pictures, identification key and species distribution map of the region were prepared. In total, 87 lizard samples and 6 turtle samples were collected and 15 species from 12 genera and belonging to 6 families were identified, which were: Paralaudakia caucasia, Phrynocephalus maculatus, Phrynocephalus scutellatus, Trapelus agilis, Bunopus tuberculatus, Cyrtopodion scabrum, Mediodactylus spinicaud, Tenuidactylus caspius, Eremias fasciata, Eremias persica, Eremias velox, Mesalina watsonana, Ablepharus pannonicus, Teratoscincus bedriagai and Testudo horsfieldii. The highest frequency of lizards belongs to Tenuidactylus caspius species and the lowest frequency belongs to Mesalina watsonana species
Vida Hojati; Mahsa Malekmohammadi Kalahroudi; Soheila Rahmani
Volume 6, Issue 2 , December 2017, , Pages 55-63
Abstract
Black-tailed toad agama (Phrynocephalus maculatus maculatus) is one of the rare diurnal lizards belonging to Agamidae family that have been distributed in deserts and sandy areas in central and southern parts of Iran. This research was conducted in order to the study of sexual dimorphism in this species ...
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Black-tailed toad agama (Phrynocephalus maculatus maculatus) is one of the rare diurnal lizards belonging to Agamidae family that have been distributed in deserts and sandy areas in central and southern parts of Iran. This research was conducted in order to the study of sexual dimorphism in this species from April to August, 2013. Totally, 30 adult specimens including 15 males and 15 females were collected from four stations: Hasan Abad, Aliyan, Saleh Abad and Yazdan Abad in southern parts of Damghan County in daily patrols by hand. Results of present study showed that males and females of this species are not significantly different in body weight, body length, tail length, head length, head width, right and left supralabial and infralabial scales, and scales around the mid- body (p< 0.01). Also, no significant differences were observed in body coloration and shape and arrangement of scales in both sexes. Therefore, there is no sexual dimorphism in the studied characters in Phrynocephalus maculatus maculatus in this area.
