fatemeh bahadoriamjaz; Maryam Morovati; Mina Behnood
Abstract
Today, the migration and movement of organisms among patches has been considered to prevent habitat isolation. The purpose of this study is to identify suitable habitats for Capra aegagrus species in Dareh Anjir Wildlife Refuge and Kuh-e-Bafq Protected Area and connecting these two habitats. In this ...
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Today, the migration and movement of organisms among patches has been considered to prevent habitat isolation. The purpose of this study is to identify suitable habitats for Capra aegagrus species in Dareh Anjir Wildlife Refuge and Kuh-e-Bafq Protected Area and connecting these two habitats. In this study, the maximum entropy algorithm and the least cost method were used to evaluate habitat suitability and design the corridor of Capra aegagrus species respectively. For this purpose, at first, species presence data along with eight environmental variables (direction, height, plant density, distance from the river, distance from the road, slope, vegetation and distance from the village) were entered into Maxent software and The utility map was prepared, Then the resistance map and the cumulative cost layer were prepared in Arc GIS10.1. Finaly Corridor command was used to plot the corridor using Arc GIS10.1 software in Spatial Analyst tools Distance. The results of the Maxent model showed Jack Nayef analysis, the most important factor in scattering of Capra aegagrus in the study area is the slope variable. In the ROC chart, The AUC value of the training data was 0.961, which indicates that the high detection power of the model (separation of presence and absence of species) is Excellent. Also the results of the least cost method showed that of the ten corridors plotted, none of the corridors interconnects the two zones. Therefore, in order to prevent the isolation of habitats, it is necessary to take appropriate management practices and create suitable conditions for the species between these two areas, because the connection between habitats is needed to protect and manage natural ecosystems.
Fereshteh Keshavarzian; Abdolhassan Doulah; Maryam Rafieirad
Abstract
Parkinson is a chronic and widespread neurodegenerative disorder. In this study, the effects of swimming exercise and oleuropein supplementation on oxidative stress of brain tissue in experimental model of Parkinson's disease in rat were investigated. In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar ...
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Parkinson is a chronic and widespread neurodegenerative disorder. In this study, the effects of swimming exercise and oleuropein supplementation on oxidative stress of brain tissue in experimental model of Parkinson's disease in rat were investigated. In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were selected and divided into five groups including: control group, Parkinson's group, swimming exercise, oleuropein consumption, swimming exercise with oleuropein consumption. The groups were forced to swim for 4 weeks (five sessions per week for 30 minutes each session) and groups 4 and 5 received 20 mg of oleuropein daily per kilogram of body weight orally for 4 weeks. Serum levels of the variables were evaluated using the thiobarbituric acid method. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (p≥0.05). In this study, oleuropein-Parkinson, swimming exercise-Parkinson, and swimming exercise with oleuropein-Parkinson consumption significantly decreased Malondialdehyde levels, significantly increased glutathione peroxidase activity and thiol compared to Parkinson's group (P<0/001). Swimming exercise with oleuropein consumption can improve antioxidant defense and decrease lipid peroxidation. Therefore, this interactive effect may necessitate more therapeutic and preventive treatment to prevent oxidative stress-related diseases.
Fatemeh Moradi; Hamidreza Aliakbarpour; Seyed- Masood Hashemi
Abstract
Different acidifiers have been introduced for animal nutrition in terms of type of organic acids and their composition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of consumption acidifier obtained from a mixture of organic acids (containing formic, citric, propionic and acetic acid and their salts) ...
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Different acidifiers have been introduced for animal nutrition in terms of type of organic acids and their composition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of consumption acidifier obtained from a mixture of organic acids (containing formic, citric, propionic and acetic acid and their salts) on the broiler chicks growth performance and some intestinal parameters .Therefore, one hundred eighty 1-d old male Ross broiler chicks were studid in a completely randomized design to 3 nutritional treatments with 6 replicates and 10 broiler chicks in each replicate, from d 0 to 35 posthatch. The treatments included 1. a corn-soybean based commercial diet or Un-supplemnted diet (Control), 2. Control diet supplemented with acidifier daily and 3. Control diet supplemented with acidifier every other day. All of dietary treatments were formulated to meet the National Research Council (1994) and Ross nutrient requirements for starter (1 to 11 d), grower (12 to 24 d), and finisher (25 to 35 d) growth periods. The results showed that in the starter and grower phase, feed intake in groups 2 and 3 that had consumpted organic acids were less than control group or un-supplemented organic acids (P˂0.05). In the starter phase, mean of body weight gain of un-suplemented group or control was higher than the groups 2 and 3 or supplemented daily and every other day group, respectively (P˂0.05); but experimental groups showed no significant change in their body weight gain during grower and finisher phases as well as whole rearing period affected by consumption of organic acids. The group 2 (daily supplemented) had better feed conversion ratio than control group during growth period (P˂0.05). The mean of ileal Enterobacteriaceae counts for the groups that had consumpted acidifiers (daily or every other day) were significantly lower than control group (P˂0.05). The mean of villus length, villus width, crypt depth and villus height to crypt depth ratio of the ileum had no significant difference between groups affected by consumption of organic acids. The pH of ileal and duodenal contents between groups showed no significancy. The results of the present study revealed that supplemented diets with organic acids can reduce some of intestinal pathogens, improve the feed conversion ratio. Daily consumption of Organic acids was more effective than when it was consumption every other day for the bird growth performance characteristics.
Seyyedeh Sara Sadri Jokndan; Sohrab Rasouli
Abstract
Sarcocystis is a intracellular parasitic protozoan that can cause gastrointestinal disorders in patients and huge financial losses in the livestock industry. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of Sarcocystis infection in slaughter buffaloes in Urmia slaughterhouse, Iran. This study ...
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Sarcocystis is a intracellular parasitic protozoan that can cause gastrointestinal disorders in patients and huge financial losses in the livestock industry. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of Sarcocystis infection in slaughter buffaloes in Urmia slaughterhouse, Iran. This study was observed during a six-month period (October to March 2016) at 10-day intervals by referring to Urmia slaughterhouse and preparing carcasses of various tissues including tongue, esophagus, heart, diaphragm, thigh, and arm for the presence of rice grain cysts. During the present study, a total of 120 buffalo carcasses were examined macroscopically. For microscopic examination by digestion method, 100 g of each animal tissue was packed and transferred to the parasitology laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Azad University. According to the results, no macrocysts were observed in buffaloes. Microscopic examination showed a moderate frequency of infection with Sarcocystis microcysts that 16.67% of the studied buffaloes were found to be positive for infection. Data analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the rate of infection in different age groups and the rate of infection increased with age (p <0.05), while the rate of infection was gender independent and there was no significant difference between the rate of infection of different sexes (p>0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference between the level of infection in different muscles (p<0.05). All skeletal and esophageal muscles had microcysts and then microcysts were observed in the diaphragm, tongue, and heart muscles. our study showed that digestion is one of the most useful and accurate methods available to identify infected samples.
animal biosystematic
Masoud Yousefi; Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani; Anooshe Kafash; Mahdi Rajabizadeh; mohammad moradpour; Eskandar Rastegar Pouyani
Abstract
Background: Snakebite is a global health problem and important conservation challenge. Knowing where snakebite risk is highest can help snakebite management. But climate change is altering snakebite risk pattern making its management more difficult and complicated.
Methods: In this study we used Echis ...
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Background: Snakebite is a global health problem and important conservation challenge. Knowing where snakebite risk is highest can help snakebite management. But climate change is altering snakebite risk pattern making its management more difficult and complicated.
Methods: In this study we used Echis carinatus’ habitat suitability as an indicator of snakebite risk, under current and future climatic conditions. We applied an ensemble of five distribution modelling methods (Generalized linear models (GLMs), Generalized additive models (GAMs), Generalized boosted models (GBMs), Maximum entropy modelling (Maxent) and Random Forest (RF)) to model the species habitat suitability. In addition, we identified villages that are at risk of envenoming form the species under current and future climate.
Results: Results showed that the species suitable habitat will increase under climate change as consequence number of villages at risk will increase from 70247 to 82881 putting more human population at risk of envenoming.
Conclusion: High snakebite risk areas identified in this study are high priority target areas for awareness raising program and antivenom distribution. This study demonstrates usefulness of habitat suitability modeling in identifying high snakebite risk area in Iran.
Shadan Golandam; Saleh Tabatabaei Vakili; Khalil Mirzadeh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of peppermint extract on semen quality of Arabi rams. Semen was collected from 12 Arabi rams weekly for 8 weeks and immediately mixed, and then were divided into 5 parts and received zero, 50, 100, 150 and 200 μl/ml of peppermint ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of peppermint extract on semen quality of Arabi rams. Semen was collected from 12 Arabi rams weekly for 8 weeks and immediately mixed, and then were divided into 5 parts and received zero, 50, 100, 150 and 200 μl/ml of peppermint extract. At different storage times of diluted semen containing treatments (zero, 24, 48 and 72 hours) in liquid condition, semen quality parameters were evaluated. Immediately after sperm collection, the lowest total motility and sperm viability belonged to the level of 200 peppermint extract (P<0.05). At 24 hours, levels 150 and 200 of extract increased the rate of morphological abnormalities of sperms. At this time, the lowest level of sperm plasma membrane integrity was related to the level of 200 peppermint extracts (P<0.05). 48 hours after sperm storage, the highest total motility, viability and plasma membrane integrity of sperms were belonged to the control group (P<0.05). 72 hours after semen storage, no statistically significant differences were found among treatments for all sperm quality parameters. At this time, the highest concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in seminal plasma was related to the level of 100 μl/ml peppermint extract (P<0.05). In general, by adding different levels of peppermint extract to the diluent and maintaining the diluted semen of the Arabi ram in a liquid state at 5°C, the concentrations used of peppermint extract not only did not improve the qualitative parameters of the sperm, it also had a devastating effect.
Naeimeh Dehghani; Mehdi Dianatpour; Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini; Zahra Khodabandeh; Hamed Daneshpazhouh
Abstract
As a stabilizing agent, docetaxel can potentially reduce the damage to the oocyte cytoskeleton during vitrification. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of docetaxel on the survival rate and in vitro fertilization of oocytes after vitrification. NMRI mice (8-10 weeks old) were ...
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As a stabilizing agent, docetaxel can potentially reduce the damage to the oocyte cytoskeleton during vitrification. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of docetaxel on the survival rate and in vitro fertilization of oocytes after vitrification. NMRI mice (8-10 weeks old) were superovulated by injecting PMSG and HCG. Oocytes are surrounded by cumulus and corona cells and must be denuded by 0.1% hyaluronidase enzyme. The oocytes were then divided into 5 experimental groups including control, docetaxel, docetaxel+vitrification solution; docetaxel+ vitrification and vitrification. Mature oocytes were vitrified in ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide solutions at 15% concentration and 0.5 M sucrose. After thawing, their survival and fertilization rates were assessed up to the two-cell stage. Staining of the microtubules in the oocytes was performed with alpha-tubulin antibody. The fertilization rate of each group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P=0.001). The rate of formation of 2-cell embryos in both vitrified groups (docetaxel+ vitrified and vitrified vitrified) was significantly lower than non-vitrified (control (P=0.001) and docetaxel ((P=0.004)). The results showed that survival and fertilization rates in pre-incubated groups with docetaxel were higher than non-incubated groups, so docetaxel could improve reproductive techniques by reducing the damage to the oocyte cytoskeleton.
Samira Ghafaripour; Morteza Naderi; Mohammad Anvar Hashemzehei
Abstract
Knowledge about the species geographic range and habitat affinities is essential in the species conservation programs Thus, it can be said that habitat selection is one of the most effective behavioral mechanism in the fitness of the organisms .Sand cat is a rare species. Sand cat is not well studied ...
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Knowledge about the species geographic range and habitat affinities is essential in the species conservation programs Thus, it can be said that habitat selection is one of the most effective behavioral mechanism in the fitness of the organisms .Sand cat is a rare species. Sand cat is not well studied because this species lives in a harsh environment that is often remote, and these cats are nocturnal, subterranean, and secretive animals. In this research we investigated SAND CAT’s habitat suitability and distribution in Sistan and Baluchistan province of the south eastern Iran using Maximum Entropy modeling approach. Our results indicated that the presence of the desert bushlands and vegetation cover is the most important variable which affects the species habitat selection and use since it provide prey habitat use in the area. Since there is no documented conservation and management program regarding SAND CATs in the study area, this research can provide enough basic data for such programs.
Hassan Ghahari
Abstract
Species diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) within three subfamilies Dolichoderinae, Formicinae and Myrmicinae was studied in forest ecosystems in northern parts of Iran. The sampled areas of the present research were Jangal-e 2000 and 3000 Tonekabon, Dalkhani forest in Ramsar, Khoshrudpey forest ...
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Species diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) within three subfamilies Dolichoderinae, Formicinae and Myrmicinae was studied in forest ecosystems in northern parts of Iran. The sampled areas of the present research were Jangal-e 2000 and 3000 Tonekabon, Dalkhani forest in Ramsar, Khoshrudpey forest in Galogah, Urim forst in Savadkuh (Mazandaran province), Abr forest in Shahrud (Semnan province), Arasbaran forests (East Azarbaijan province), Golestan National Park (Golestan province), and Guisum forest in Talesh (Guilan province). In total, 27 species within 12 genera and three subfamilies Dolichoderinae (two species, one genus), Formicinae (10 species, five genera) and Myrmicinae (15 species, six genera) were collected and identified. Upon the results of this research, the highest niche similarity index was obtained between Abr forest and Golestan National Park (75%), and then Dalkhani forest and Jangal-e 2000 and 3000 (55.5%). Among the collected species, three species Tapinoma erraticum (Latreille, 1798), Cataglyphis livida (André, 1881) and Monomorium abeillei André, 1881 with 22, 20 and 18 collected specimens, and 6.89%, 6.26% and 5.64% of abundance percentage, respectively are dominant species in forest ecosystems in northern Iran.
Kamran Almasieh; Alireza Mohammadi; Leila Julaee
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine habitat connectivity and road crossing area for the Persian wild ass (Equus hemionus onager) in the Bahram-e-Goor Protected Area. In this research, habitat suitability modeling was carried out using 57 presence points of the species and six environmental layers implemented ...
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This study was conducted to determine habitat connectivity and road crossing area for the Persian wild ass (Equus hemionus onager) in the Bahram-e-Goor Protected Area. In this research, habitat suitability modeling was carried out using 57 presence points of the species and six environmental layers implemented in the Biomod2 package in the R software based on four species distribution models. Then, the ensemble map obtained from the distribution models was used for habitat connectivity modeling using electrical-circuit method. Finally, the coincidence rate of road crossing with road collision points was assessed. Ourresults revealed that distance from moderate rangelands, distance from roads and slope had the greatest impact on habitat suitability of the Persian wild ass. Furthermore,results of the connectivity modeling revealed that there were high current movements of Persian wild ass individuals between Qatruiyeh National Park and western parts of the Bahram -e- Goor Protected Area. Eventually, seven road collisions were found to be in high coincidence with the modeled current movement along the west border of the Bahram -e- Goor Protected Area.This research highlights the necessity of provision of road crossing facilities (i.e., warning signs and lights, and speed control for vehicles) for conservation of the Persian wild ass by the Department of Environment in the study area.
Arash Jouladeh Roudbar; Hamid Farahmand; Amirreza Abed Elmdoust; Bagher Mojazi amiri; Soheil Eagderi
Abstract
Luciobarbus is one of the most important and economical genus of the Cyprinidae family, most of them are similar in appearance, making it difficult to identify species. In the present study, 519 stations in seven basins, including: Caspian, Namak, Urmia, Hari, Tigris, Persis and Hormuz basins were sampled ...
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Luciobarbus is one of the most important and economical genus of the Cyprinidae family, most of them are similar in appearance, making it difficult to identify species. In the present study, 519 stations in seven basins, including: Caspian, Namak, Urmia, Hari, Tigris, Persis and Hormuz basins were sampled using nets, electro fisher and jigging, during the years 2011-2011. In total, the presence of nine species including L. barbulus, L. brachycephalus, L. capito, L. conocephalus, L. esocinus, L. kersin, L. mursa, L. subquincunciatus and L. xanthopterus was confirmed in Iran's inland waters. For the approved members of this genus in Iran, the identification key were presented and their distribution map were prepared. Also, after examining the conservation status of the members of this genus, it was suggested that a well-codified, principled and scientific program be considered to identify populations, suitable places for reproduction and release of larvae from reproduction in captivity.
Navab Ghobadi; Reza HakimiAleni
Abstract
Escherichiacoli is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium that causes numerous diseases in humans and animals.Because of increased resistance to antibiotics, this bacterium has raised many concerns in the livestock industry as well as in medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance ...
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Escherichiacoli is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium that causes numerous diseases in humans and animals.Because of increased resistance to antibiotics, this bacterium has raised many concerns in the livestock industry as well as in medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance to fluoroquinolones, to identify plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and to determine the biofilm formation ability of E. coli strains isolated from human and bovine samples in Hamadan.In this descriptive study, 40 isolates of E. coli(20 human isolates, 20 bovine isolates) were studied. First, the resistance of the isolates to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was measured by microdilution broth method, and then the identification of fluoroquinolone resistance genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS and acc) was performed by PCR method. In the following, the ability of E. coli isolates to produce biofilm was evaluated by microtiter plate method and the results were analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS software (version 19). Microdilution results showed of 40 E.coli isolates, 26 (65%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 23 (57.5%) were found to be resistant to levofloxacin.In PMQR genes frequency analysis by PCR,the qnrA, qnrB, qnrC,qnrD, qnrS and aac genes were detected in 45%, 47.5%, 67.5%, 27.5%, 60% and 55% of the isolates, respectively. Also microtiter plate test results showed that 40% of the isolates were capable of forming strong biofilm and only 4% did not form biofilm.The results of the present study showed that the main mechanism of resistance to fluoroquinolones is related to PMQR genes and possibly excessive use of fluoroquinolones in human infections leads to the development of resistance to these drugs.Biofilm formation has also been shown to be effective in creating fluoroquinolone resistance.
Mansour Farajollahi Moghadam; Omolbanin Ghasemian
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most serious global health problems, and its occurrence increases with age. Considering the relationship between aging and metabolic disorders, it seems that each year a large number of elderly people die due to cardiovascular diseases caused by these factors. The present ...
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Diabetes mellitus is one of the most serious global health problems, and its occurrence increases with age. Considering the relationship between aging and metabolic disorders, it seems that each year a large number of elderly people die due to cardiovascular diseases caused by these factors. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of four weeks of intense interval training along with the consumption of tryptophan supplementation on cardiac damage index in elderly diabetic rats. In this experimental study, 40 diabetic elderly rats were randomly divided into four groups, each group having 10 rats. These were control, sham, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and HIIT+tryptophan supplementation (at a dose of 50 mg/kg) groups. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) was measured in each group. The results showed that the levels of LDH, AST, and CK-MB in the diabetic control group were significantly higher compared to the healthy control group (P= 0.05). Moreover, the LDH level in the HIIT + tryptophan group was significantly lower than that in the diabetic control group (P= 0.03). AST levels in the tryptophan, HIIT (P=0.001), and HIIT+tryptophan groups (P=0.001) were significantly lower compared to the diabetic control group (P= 0.001). Based on the obtained results, the indicators of heart disease improved with exercise and consumption of tryptophan. However, further studies are recommended to investigate the effects of intensity and type of training as well as the dosage of tryptophan in this regard.
animal biosystematic
Masoud Yousefi; Bagher Nezami; Mohamad Ali Adibi; Abdoulsaleh Geray; Farhad Ataei
Abstract
Reptiles are important components of natural ecosystems but because of limited dispersal ability they are sensitive to habitat destruction, road development and climate change. However, very little is known about their diversity and distribution in protected areas of Iran. In this study, reptiles of ...
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Reptiles are important components of natural ecosystems but because of limited dispersal ability they are sensitive to habitat destruction, road development and climate change. However, very little is known about their diversity and distribution in protected areas of Iran. In this study, reptiles of Touran Biosphere Reserve were collected, photographed and identified from 2014 to 2021. Results showed that 36 reptile species including 20 lizards, 15 snakes and 1 tortoise are living in the Touran Biosphere Reserve. Families Agamidae and Gekkonidae where the most diverse families among the lizard species and family Colubridae was the most diverse family among the snake species. Testudo horsfieldii and Varanus griseus are species with conservation concern thus they need special conservation programs.
Biochemistry
Shahriar Saeidian; Nabi Khalili Aghdam; Zahra Baghaei far; Seyedeh Saleheh Hashemi
Abstract
Bromelain is an aqueous extract of pineapple contains a mixture of thiol proteases and non-protease components. In this research, the method of implementing the research was applied and quantitative, and by conducting the MTT test, information was collected. The results showed by increasing the dose ...
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Bromelain is an aqueous extract of pineapple contains a mixture of thiol proteases and non-protease components. In this research, the method of implementing the research was applied and quantitative, and by conducting the MTT test, information was collected. The results showed by increasing the dose of carbon nanotubes from 1 mg/L to 5 mg/L, the absorption efficiency increases significantly and the absorption capacity decreases and by increasing the initial concentration of Anahil drug from 50 mg/L to 300 mg/L in the dose of carbon nanotubes. No g 1/L the absorption capacity increased from 41.6 mg/g to 162.2 mg/g and in contrast the absorption efficiency decreased from 83.2 percent to 54.067 percent. The parameters of the adsorption equilibrium isotherms showed that the adsorption behavior of Anahil on carbon nanotubes follows the Freundlich model more than the Langmuir model. Also, the values obtained for parameter n in the Freundlich model for both temperatures were higher than 2, indicating the favorable adsorption of Anahil on carbon nanotubes. The results obtained from the MTT test showed that the drug Anahil in high concentrations (100 micrograms per liter) has a very strong lethal effect. It was also shown that the lethal effect of Anahil drug was more at the beginning and decreases with the passage of time. But in the case of the new drug synthesized using the introduction of the Anahil drug to the surface of carbon nanotubes, the lethality rate becomes a constant value, which indicates the gradual release of the drug over time, which is desirable for effective cancer treatment.
azita farashi; Seyedeh bahareh hosseini; Fatemeh jahanishakib
Abstract
The Iranian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor, Pocock 1927) is one of the endangered species. For this reason, it is necessary to evaluate and protect the habitat of this species as a flag species that is placed at the top of the food pyramid. In this paper, the InVEST software is utilized to investigate ...
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The Iranian leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor, Pocock 1927) is one of the endangered species. For this reason, it is necessary to evaluate and protect the habitat of this species as a flag species that is placed at the top of the food pyramid. In this paper, the InVEST software is utilized to investigate the habitat quality of the Iranian leopard in Kopet Dag region in the northeast of Iran Then, 30 habitat variables are prepared using ArcGIS 10.3 software including climatic variables, topography, Landuse/Landcover, and leopard prey distribution. Then, InVEST software and Habitat Quality model are employed in Kopet Dag region to survey the habitat quality of the studied species. The input data of the InVEST software encompasses the current land use map, threat list tables, and habitat sensitivity. By employing the output of MaxEnt results, the information on the threat and habitat sensitivity tables are prepared and entered into the model. Ultimately, after running the model, the results indicate that 81.22% of the desirable habitats and 18.77% of the undesirable habitats overlap with Kopet Dag region. Moreover, the cities of Mashhad, Khaf, Neishabur, and Sabzevar, have the most desirable habitat respectively for the studied species. the results indicate that the most amount of destruction is in the west of Mashhad city and then in the center of Golbahar and Qochan citie.
Marya Madadi; Bagher Nezami; Mohammad Kaboli; Hamid Reza Rezaei
Abstract
Today, human and wildlife conflict, especially big carnivores such as brown bear, is one of the most challenges and difficulties in biodiversity conservation. Increasing the conflicts have resulted in increasing the negative attitude of local people toward the wildlife and as a result of that leads to ...
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Today, human and wildlife conflict, especially big carnivores such as brown bear, is one of the most challenges and difficulties in biodiversity conservation. Increasing the conflicts have resulted in increasing the negative attitude of local people toward the wildlife and as a result of that leads to increasing poaching of carnivores, especially in an area such as Mazandaran Province which has a high density of human and wildlife. We conducted this study by identifying the area with a high conflicts between the bear and human and human assets in Mazandaran Province. Moreover, we used field observation data to diagnose the distribution of mountainous areas which are potentially exposed to bear attacks in the Province. We collected the bear damages data by questionnaire form and field surveys. Biogeoclimatic variables which were used in the analyses are elevation, distance to the village, the density of beehives, human footprint, the density of domestic animals and land use. We recorded 150 bear attacks to human and human properties which include 16 to human, 19 to domestic animals, 67 and 48 destruction of fruit gardens and beehives, respectively. According to the results, most conflicts are in the spring and autumn. The most important variables are elevation, distance to village and fruit gardens. According to the results, human-bear conflicts in the Mazandaran Province are in the elevation range between 150 to 3000 m. On the other hand, fruit gardens around the villages have a key role in attracting bears to human settlements.
tahereh Nikkhah; Amir Arasteh
Abstract
Diabetes and liver diseases are serious problems and threaten the health of communities. Nettle has been introduced in traditional Iranian medicine as a blood glucose lowering drug. There are conflicting scientific reports about the effects of reducing the blood sugar of nettle, but this plant has good ...
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Diabetes and liver diseases are serious problems and threaten the health of communities. Nettle has been introduced in traditional Iranian medicine as a blood glucose lowering drug. There are conflicting scientific reports about the effects of reducing the blood sugar of nettle, but this plant has good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties to reduce liver damage. Current study, examines the anti-diabetic and liver protective effects of the aqueous extract of urtica dioica in vistar male rats. The mice were divided into five groups and in order to investigation of anti-diabetic and liver protective effects, test groups obtained daily 2.5 and 5 ml/kg of the aqueous extract of urtica dioica orally for 14 and 32 days, respectively. Blood glucose was measured with a glucometer and liver enzyme activity was measured with ParsAzmoon kits. The results were analyzed using Student's T–Test and ANOVA using SPSS software version 21. Blood sugar levels in first and second test groups (170 and 122 mg/dl) showed a significant decrease compared to the negative control group (446 mg/dl). The activity of liver enzymes in the first and second test groups also showed a significant decrease compared to the negative control group. The aqueous extract of urtica dioica has beneficial effects in managing diabetes and maintaining the health of liver cells against toxic compounds.
Fisheries
Abdoljabbar Irani
Abstract
In this study, rainbow trout diploid, triploid, and tetraploid were comparatively investigated regarding the growth performance, survival rate, and erythrocyte characteristics. For the triploid production, the fertilized eggs received 26.5 ℃ thermal shock under three treatments: 1. double ...
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In this study, rainbow trout diploid, triploid, and tetraploid were comparatively investigated regarding the growth performance, survival rate, and erythrocyte characteristics. For the triploid production, the fertilized eggs received 26.5 ℃ thermal shock under three treatments: 1. double 1-min shock after 15 and 30 min of the fertilization, 2. one 15-min shock after 15 min of the fertilization, and 3. one 12-min shock after 20 min of the fertilization. Tetraploidy was induced by application of 28 ℃ thermal shock under three treatments: 1. 10-min shock after 59 degree-hours of the fertilization, 2. 10-min shock after 66 degree-hours of the fertilization, and 3. 10-min shock after 72 degree-hours of the fertilization. The best triploidization results, 66.6% survival rate and 87% triploidization rate, achieved by application of 12-min shock after 20 min of the fertilization. The best tetraploidization results, 54.9% survival rate and 7.94% triploidization rate, achieved by application of 10-min shock after 59 degree-hours of the fertilization. There were no significant differences between the triploid and diploid fish, wheras the tetraploids showed significantly lower growth rate than the diploids. In conclusion, in this study, triploid and tetraploid production of rainbow trout were improved, and application of erythrocyte cell size as a reliable and efficient polyploidy detection method was emphasized.
Sara Ttajdoust; Amir Arasteh; Seyedeh Mohadeseh Mousavi Eshkiky
Abstract
Nigella sativa is an annual herbaceous plantthat has various pharmacological effects. In this research study, anti–microbial and anti–Alzheimer effects of aqueous and hydro–alcoholic extracts of N. sativa were evaluated. After identification of hydro–alcoholic extract compounds ...
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Nigella sativa is an annual herbaceous plantthat has various pharmacological effects. In this research study, anti–microbial and anti–Alzheimer effects of aqueous and hydro–alcoholic extracts of N. sativa were evaluated. After identification of hydro–alcoholic extract compounds by GC–MS, anti–microbial activity indices including well diffusion, MIC and MBC for E. coli and S. aureus, were carried out by tube and agar dilution methods. In Anti–Alzheimer's effects of hydro–alcoholic extract of N. sativa on bovine serum albumin were examined using Congo–red spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy. Oleic acid (52.18%) followed by palmitic (19.77%) and linoleic acid (14.96%) were the major fatty acids in the extract. The amounts of MIC and MBC for both E. coli and S. aureus were 30.6 and 61 mg.ml-1 respectively in hydro–alcoholic extract. Well diffusion method showed highest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with inhibition zone diameter of 22.67±0.29 mm, but aqueous extract did not any effects on bacteria. Congo–red spectrophotometry results showed that the absorbance of the protein sample (as a measure of amyloid fibril presence) was reduced by increasing the concentration of N. sativa extract and the lowest percentage of adsorption, compared to the control (extract less), was observed at the highest concentration of extract (20 μL). These results were confirmed by transmission electron microscope. The present study shows that the N. sativa seed, as a natural and valuable source, can be used for controlling the microbial infections and reducing symptoms in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Mehranoush Saffarpour; Nooshin Sohrabi; Delavar Shahbazzadeh; Alireza Gholami
Abstract
Among Iranian venomous snakes, the most important groups causing envenomation are Naja Naja Oxiana, Echis,Vipera albicornuta, Vipera latifii Mertens, pseudocerastes peersicus and Vipera lebetina. Many researchers believe natural snake venom ...
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Among Iranian venomous snakes, the most important groups causing envenomation are Naja Naja Oxiana, Echis,Vipera albicornuta, Vipera latifii Mertens, pseudocerastes peersicus and Vipera lebetina. Many researchers believe natural snake venom toxins are containing several pharmacologically active components that could be of potential therapeutic value. In the past, studies have shown that some neurotoxic fractions of snake venom interfere with some infectious and non-infectious diseases such as cancer. we purified snake venom of V. lebetina by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) using Sephacryl S-200 hr column. The fractions collected and evaluated by SDS-PAGE analysis. The cytotoxicity effect of crude venom and fractions on Vero cells were demonstrated using 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and adhesion assay. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Macrovipera lebetina (one of the native snakes of many parts of iran) , in order to create an appropriate animal cell culture model to evaluate the effects of protein complexes on diseases such as viral infections.
Zahra Nazari Parchestani; Maryam Rafieirad
Abstract
Ischemia in rat brain causes severe neuronal damage and consequently anxiety and depression disorders. The herniarin has a phenolic compound and is a powerful antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of herniarin on anxiety and depression in ischemia model in male rats. In this ...
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Ischemia in rat brain causes severe neuronal damage and consequently anxiety and depression disorders. The herniarin has a phenolic compound and is a powerful antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of herniarin on anxiety and depression in ischemia model in male rats. In this experimental study, 50 male Wistar rats(200-250g) were divided into 5 groups: control group, sham and ischemic group and ischemic groups receiving doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg herniarin by gavage method. To induce ischemia, bilateral carotid arteries were separated, blocked in two, and cut off in the middle section. Anxiety assessment was performed during the open-box test. Immobility time in forced swimming was also measured to measure depression. In the ischemic rats a significantly increased anxiety and an increase of mobility duration in both open box and forced swimming tests were observed (P<0.001). When the doses of 150-300 mg/kg herniarin was prescribed the times of elevation of hands was increased (P<0.001) and a significantly reduction of excretion times in each dose was observed (P<0.001) and consumption of herniarin doses 150-300 mg/kg was significantly increased in the ischemicrats when they passed several times through squares in the open box (P<0.001). herniarin has the effect of both anti-anxiety and- depression in the experimental model.
animal biosystematic
Mohammad Reza Ashrafzadeh; Ali Asghar Naghipour; Alireza Mohammadi; Maryam Haidarian; Hadi Khoshnamvand
Abstract
Lorestan province, as a predominantly mountainous region, covers important part of critical habitats of Persian leopard (Panthera pardus) in west of Iran. However, there is little information on geographical distribution of the leopard in this province. This study aims to identify suitable habitats of ...
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Lorestan province, as a predominantly mountainous region, covers important part of critical habitats of Persian leopard (Panthera pardus) in west of Iran. However, there is little information on geographical distribution of the leopard in this province. This study aims to identify suitable habitats of the Persian leopard in Lorestan province, using an ensemble model consisting of seven species distribution models. The ensemble model identified 6,185 km2 (21.85%) of the study area as suitable habitat for the Persian leopard. Distance to conservation areas (30%), distance to village (29%), distance to farmlands (11%), annual precipitation (8%) and distance to forest (7%) made the highest contribution to the model performance. About 49% of the identified suitable habitat covered by conservation areas. Establishing more conservation areas in suitable habitats and re-evaluation of the network of conservation areas are crucial strategies to conserve endangered populations of the leopard. Many large carnivores, due to their large home ranges, depend on habitat patches outside protected areas and corridors between them. Thus, conserving the habitat patches and connectivity between them are crucial. Monitoring and surveillance of habitats, using effective conservation strategies, and promoting local community involvement are other important issues.
Samarghand Gafari; Seyed Mohammad Bagher Nabavi; Babak Doustshenas; Nasrin Sakhaei; Sharif Ranjbar
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the diversity and distribution of the Polychaeta species in the Qeshm Island and the effect of desalination plants on their communities. The desalination plants provide a large portion of Qeshm Island drinking water. So, their waste waters could effect ...
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The present study was carried out to investigate the diversity and distribution of the Polychaeta species in the Qeshm Island and the effect of desalination plants on their communities. The desalination plants provide a large portion of Qeshm Island drinking water. So, their waste waters could effect on environment especially benthic animals near the coastline. Substrate sampling was carried out in summer and winter 2014 from 9 stations. Station 1 was situated near (desalination site) with the highest temperature and salinity in both summer and winter season, which shows the effects of drainage waste water on environment condition. The substrates of the most stations were silt-clay. At the stations 4 and 5, which sediments included more silt and clay, organic matters were higher than other stations. In this study 49 genera and species were identified. There was a significant negative correlation between the polychaetes abundances and sediment content of silt and clay observed. The higher abundances of polychaetes were found in the stations with lower content of organic matters and greater grain size sediments. The genera Cossura sp. and Scoloplos simplex which related to Cossuridae and Orbiniidae families respectively were dominant specimens. The lowest level of diversity was estimated in station 1. Diversity and dominance indices at stations near the wastewater outlet showed significant differ in both seasons (P<0.05). Finally, it seems that desalination plant may affects adversely on species diversity by increasing of temperature and salinity in short distances.
Nahid Ghaed Amini; Mohammad Fazilati; Saeid Habib-Allahi; Habib-Allah Nazem; Seyed Hossein Hejazi
Abstract
Despite the many chemical drugs available, the prevalence and mortality rate of melanoma is high. Therefore, the use of drugs of natural origin with lower cost and higher efficiency can be a good way to save patients. Therefore, in this study, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects ...
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Despite the many chemical drugs available, the prevalence and mortality rate of melanoma is high. Therefore, the use of drugs of natural origin with lower cost and higher efficiency can be a good way to save patients. Therefore, in this study, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Moringa extract on melanoma. Hydroalcoholic extract of Moringa leaves was prepared. After examining the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract, their type was confirmed by HPLC and spectrophotometer methods. The antioxidant power was measured by DPPH free radical scavenging and FRPA methods. Then the tumor was induced in C57BL6 mice and then the effects of the extract were evaluated on B16F10 cell line and tumor mice. The total flavonoid content was 60.65±1.75 mg quercetin acid per gram of dry extract and the total phenol content was 20.25±1.23 mg gallic acid per gram of dry extract. Three phenolic and flavonoid compounds with antioxidant properties identified include quercetin, gallic acid, and caffeic acid. The free radical scavenging power and the reducing power of the extract increased with increasing the concentration. The IC50 of moringa extract was 73 μM/mol. The tumor volume was significantly reduced by different doses of the extract in two weeks. The results of present study show the positive effect of Moringa leaves extract in reducing the survival rate of B16F10 melanoma cancer cells and tumor volume in mice.
