Soheila Delavari; Reza Taati; Hamid Abdollahpour Biria
Volume 5, Issue 4 , May 2017, , Pages 99-108
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate four common food rations in Iranian market on growth performance, some biochemical factors of farmed beluga (Huso huso) in winter 2015. Total number of 80 belugas weighing 4063.48± 134.29g were randomly distributed into 8 circular concrete ponds and kept ...
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This study was performed to evaluate four common food rations in Iranian market on growth performance, some biochemical factors of farmed beluga (Huso huso) in winter 2015. Total number of 80 belugas weighing 4063.48± 134.29g were randomly distributed into 8 circular concrete ponds and kept at a density of 10 fish per pond. Fish were acclimatized to new rearing conditions for a week. Great sturgeons were fed four rations including Behdaneh, Biomar, Faradaneh and Skretting in two replicates (completely randomized design). Results showed that the highest final weight, percentage of body weight increase, average daily growth, specific growth rate, condition factor, protein efficiency ratio and the lowest FCR and price index were observed in treatment Faradaneh which had significant differences with treatment Behdaneh (P0.05). The highest content of cholesterol was seen in treatment Behdaneh which showed significant difference with other treatments (P
elham moghtadaee; Vahid Molianian
Abstract
Abstract Nowadays the damages of the human musculoskeletal system and its healing process are crucially important. The material with the capability of prevention from infection in open fractures, reduction of treatment duration, and repair of bone tissue is economical, and it would be prioritized in ...
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Abstract Nowadays the damages of the human musculoskeletal system and its healing process are crucially important. The material with the capability of prevention from infection in open fractures, reduction of treatment duration, and repair of bone tissue is economical, and it would be prioritized in usage. The egg internal membrane as a completely natural compound causes an increase in calcium absorption and accelerates the bone tissue repair process. The current study was conducted on the tibia bone of eight dogs. A cut of 10 cm length was developed in the tibia bone. 8 mm diameter cavities were developed in the mid area of the tibia bone by removing the vessels and nerves and cutting in Periosteum using the drill. The respective biomaterial was removed out of the sterile environment by Mouse-tooth forceps, and it was inserted into the bone. The tissue sections were evaluated in terms of histopathology at 0, 30, and 60 days after surgery. The results of osteoplastic changes also indicated that both control and treatment groups had an ascending bone formation process from day 0 to 60, which it was higher in all days in the treatment group compared to the control group. The bone formation level was increasing in the treatment group compared to the control group. The results obtained from Chondroplasic changes also indicated that in both groups there was a decreasing trend in Achondroplasia.
Hassan Ghahari
Abstract
Abstract Encarsia Förster (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) are the powerful parasitoids of whiteflies and armored scales (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, Diaspididae) in most regions of the world which have efficient role in biological control of these pests in fields, orchards and greenhouses. ...
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Abstract Encarsia Förster (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae) are the powerful parasitoids of whiteflies and armored scales (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae, Diaspididae) in most regions of the world which have efficient role in biological control of these pests in fields, orchards and greenhouses. The fauna of Encarsia was studied in Golestan province (Northern Iran) by collecting their main hosts, whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), and rearing of hosts in optimum condition. In total, 12 Encarsia species including, Encarsia acaudaleyrodis Hayat, 1976, Encarsia auranti (Howard, 1894), Encarsia azimi Hayat, 1986, Encarsia berlesei (Howard, 1906), Encarsia elegans Masi, 1911, Encarsia fasciata (Malenotti, 1917), Encarsia formosa Gahan, 1924, Encarsia inaron (Walker, 1839), Encarsia lounsburyi (Berlese & Paoli, 1916), Encarsia lutea (Masi, 1909), Encarsia mineoi Viggiani, 1982 and Encarsia perniciosi (Tower, 1913) were collected and identified. In this investigation, additionally to the faunistic study on Encarsia in Golestan province, synonymies, distribution, descriptions and identification key of species are given.
Narjes Sanchooli*; Hashem Khandan Barani; Abdolali Rahdari
Volume 5, Issue 3 , March 2017, , Pages 107-116
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of the amino acid lysine on growth performance, feed efficiency and body composition of juvenile snow trout (Schizothorax zarudnyi). For this purpose, 150 fish with average weight 22.51±0.28 g fed with five levels of dietary amino ...
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of the amino acid lysine on growth performance, feed efficiency and body composition of juvenile snow trout (Schizothorax zarudnyi). For this purpose, 150 fish with average weight 22.51±0.28 g fed with five levels of dietary amino acid lysine including 0 (control), 7, 12, 17 and 22 g/kg diet, for 8 weeks. Fish fed two times daily at 3% body weight rate. At the end of feeding trial, growth performance, feed efficiency and body composition were recorded. Maximum final weight and body weight, best average daily gain, best specific growth rate and increase the relative weight were evident for 17 g/kg diet treatment. Maximum body protein content was obtained for 17 g/kg diet treatment. Body moisture, fat and ash content remained unchanged. Based on the above results, it may be concluded 17 g lysine per kg diet is optimal for the growth, feed efficiency and body composition of juvenile S. zarudnyi.
Peyman Karami; Kamran Shayesteh
Abstract
To investigate habitat suitability of Wild Sheep in Markazi province, presence/absent methods including Random Forest (RF), and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) were used. For this purpose, 215 presence points of the species from Rasvand, Chal-khtoon,, Alvand, Polangab, Haftad Gholeh, Jasb, ...
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To investigate habitat suitability of Wild Sheep in Markazi province, presence/absent methods including Random Forest (RF), and Classification and Regression Tree (CART) were used. For this purpose, 215 presence points of the species from Rasvand, Chal-khtoon,, Alvand, Polangab, Haftad Gholeh, Jasb, Kolahe, Bazarjan and Kharaghan protected areas along with 10000 pseudo-absences points from the entire province were included in the modeling. 30% of the presence/absence points were randomly assigned to the test. In performing of the model, 12 effective variables regarding distribution of Wild Sheepwere used. By using Youden test appropriate threshold was calculated. Validation of continuous and binary maps was performed by using related statistics. According to the results, the RF model was more efficient than the CART. The findings of the two models showed that the distance from the high quality rangelands with the type of Astragalus-Agropyrum, Artemisia sieberi-Stipa, has the most effect on the distribution of species. In the tree CART method, the altitude and distance from poor rangelands variables and in the RF method, altitude and slope are in the later stages from affecting the habitat suitability point of view. Alvand, Chal-khtoon, Rasvand, Kolahe, Kharqan and Jasb are areas that more than half of their extent is suitable for Wild Sheep as a potential habitat. This find reveal the need for more protection of Wild Sheep habitat in these areas. The results of this study show the efficiency of the RF method in habitat modeling as a nonparametric, flexible and interpretable method.
Nassir Niamaimandi; Tooraj Valinassab; Reza Dehghani; Reza Daryanabard
Abstract
Abstract Biodiversity indices and abundance of demersal resources in Hormozgan waters (53 00E to 57 00E) was studied by bottom trawl survey during winter season, 2013. Sampling was done by R/V Ferdos 1. In this study, 89 stations within the 10-20 m, 20-30 m and 30-50 m depth layers were sampled and abundance ...
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Abstract Biodiversity indices and abundance of demersal resources in Hormozgan waters (53 00E to 57 00E) was studied by bottom trawl survey during winter season, 2013. Sampling was done by R/V Ferdos 1. In this study, 89 stations within the 10-20 m, 20-30 m and 30-50 m depth layers were sampled and abundance and species diversity of demersal fish communities at different depths were evaluated using various indices. In this study 99 taxa communities were identified including 88 fish species and 13 species or species groups that belonged to the other marine organisms such as crabs, sea cucumbers, sea snakes, jelly fish and corals. The value for the Shannon (H́) index for the entire investigated area (10-50 m depths) were 3.21, Simpson (D), 0.06, Pielou (J), 0.69, Margalef (R), 7.55 and Menhinick (IMen), were 0.16. The value indices in different depths of 10-20 m, 20-30 m and 30-50 m were identical. Based on the results of Shannon and Simpson indices, this area has a fair quality of population in number of species, however species richness indices indicated low species richness and due to high water temperature and salinity degree, this area is under stress.
Ali Gholamhosseini; Mehdi Ansari; Mehregan Ebrahimi; Hamid Reza Esmaeili
Abstract
Brown bear (Ursus arctos) is the largest carnivore of Iran with a holarctic distribution in Europe, Asia, and North America. In Iran, its distribution is restricted to the mountain forest areas of Alborz and Zagros and Fars province is on the southernmost distribution boundary for this species worldwide. ...
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Brown bear (Ursus arctos) is the largest carnivore of Iran with a holarctic distribution in Europe, Asia, and North America. In Iran, its distribution is restricted to the mountain forest areas of Alborz and Zagros and Fars province is on the southernmost distribution boundary for this species worldwide. Iran's brown bears recognized as U. a. syriacus, which has discrete populations at high risk, and there is a critical lack of knowledge concerning different aspects of its biology. This research was carried out in order to identify its distribution pattern and conservation planning for four years in Fars province. As direct observation of brown bears is difficult due to its nocturnal activity, signs are usually used in such researches. A total of 170 signs of this species were recorded in Fars province. The most signs are traces (about 48%) and scat (about 20%). Investigation of the signs and the mapping of the species in Fars province using ArcGIS 10.3 showed that the highest presence of this species belongs to Mountains areas of Marvdasht (32.54%) and Sepidan (31.95%) in the northern parts of the province with a height range of 1600 to more than 2800 meters above sea level. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that brown bear faces conflict with humans by attack on humans, domestic livestock, honey hives, fish farms and agricultural products in the province.
Nassir Niamaimandi; Javad Shabani; Abdolrasol Esmaily; Ali Mobarrezi; Gholam Moradi
Abstract
Growth parameters of cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) was estimated from northern Persian Gulf, (27˚ 50´ 06˝ and 30˚ 06´ 07˝N to 52˚ 02´ 56˝and 50˚ 05´ 14˝E) from October 2017 to May 2018. 100 to 150 specimens were randomly separated each time from total catch and mantel length ...
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Growth parameters of cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) was estimated from northern Persian Gulf, (27˚ 50´ 06˝ and 30˚ 06´ 07˝N to 52˚ 02´ 56˝and 50˚ 05´ 14˝E) from October 2017 to May 2018. 100 to 150 specimens were randomly separated each time from total catch and mantel length and body weight were measured by sexes. Based on the Von-Bertalanffy growth formula in males, growth parameters were estimated with K=0.3 year-1 and L∞=37 cm. In females, growth coefficient, K and asymptotic length, L∞ were estimated 0.5 year−1 and 30 cm respectively. Maximum of fishing effort was observed in November 1.08±0.71 kg per trap and minimum was 0.06±0.02 kg per trap in May. Maximum catch per trap was 0.65±0.56 kg in 21-30 m depths and minimum was 0.10±0.05 kg in 41-50 m depths. Low growth coefficients in males and females show that this species reached to maximum growth during presence in the study area. Also, its aggregation in the depths of 30-21 m indicates the accumulation of mature spawning specimens in the area, which needs serious protection.
Mehran Parsa; Ehsan Kamrani; Farakhzad Zeynali
Volume 6, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 113-120
Abstract
The catch per unit of effort, catch per unit of swept area and distribution of Banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis, de Man 1888) were investigated in fishing season of Banana shrimp in waters of Hormozgan province (October and November, 2013) using a bottom trawl with 24 mm mesh size. Total catch and ...
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The catch per unit of effort, catch per unit of swept area and distribution of Banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis, de Man 1888) were investigated in fishing season of Banana shrimp in waters of Hormozgan province (October and November, 2013) using a bottom trawl with 24 mm mesh size. Total catch and mean CPUE of P. merguiensis was calculated as 4102 kg and 11.98±0.82 kg/h, respectively.Maximum CPUE and mean CPUE obtained in less than 10 m depth layer with 1797 kg and 15.9±1.83 kg/h, respectively.Minimum CPUE and mean CPUE obtained in 20-40 m depth layer with 684 kg and 8.41±0.9 kg/h, respectively. Total CPUA in less than 10, 10-20 and 20-40 m was obtained 14261, 12856 and 5143 kg/nm2. Maximum CPUA was obtained in less than 10 m depth layer with 1190 kg/nm2. Maximum and minimum mean CPUA was calculated in less than 10 m depth layer with 126.21±14.53 kg/nm2 and 20-40 m depth layer with 66.79±7.21 kg/nm2, respectively. Results showed that the highest distribution of P. merguiensis in shrimp fishing ground of Hormozgan province is in less than 10 m depth layer.
Masoud Yousefi; Farhad Ataei; Anooshe Kafash; Hamid Reza Rezaei
Volume 6, Issue 3 , March 2018, , Pages 117-126
Abstract
Abstract Alborz province with area about 5833 km2 located in west of Tehran province. In a long term study of the lizards in this province which lasted 2 years (2015-2016), 13 species of lizards, Paralaudakia caucasia, Trapelus agilis, Phrynocephalus persicus, Darevskia defilippi, Lacerta strigata, Eremias ...
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Abstract Alborz province with area about 5833 km2 located in west of Tehran province. In a long term study of the lizards in this province which lasted 2 years (2015-2016), 13 species of lizards, Paralaudakia caucasia, Trapelus agilis, Phrynocephalus persicus, Darevskia defilippi, Lacerta strigata, Eremias persica, Eremias fasciata, Eremias papenfussi, Ophisops elegans, Mesalina watsonana, Bunopus crassicaudus, Ablepharus bivittatus and Eumeces schneideri, belonging to four families, were collected, recognized and reported from the area. We also built 13 distribution maps for lizards of the Alborz province. We recorded two new distribution records for lizards of Iran in the area, we found an isolated population of Lacerta strigata in the north of the province which extends altitudinal distribution of the species more than 900 m in Iran. We also found an isolated population of Eremias faciata in south of the province, this record is the westernmost record for this species in Iran and extends the known distributional range of the species about 200 km westward.
Seyed Mehdi Amininasab; Seyed Masoud Hosseini-Moosavi; Seyed Hossein Khazaei
Abstract
Abstract
The current study carried out on the reproductive biology and breeding success of Crowned Night Heron Nyctiocorax nyctiocorax in Ali-Siyah island in Karoon River during 2007-2008. During the study, 30 nests were selected randomly using visits by boats. The reproductive phenology of Crowned ...
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Abstract
The current study carried out on the reproductive biology and breeding success of Crowned Night Heron Nyctiocorax nyctiocorax in Ali-Siyah island in Karoon River during 2007-2008. During the study, 30 nests were selected randomly using visits by boats. The reproductive phenology of Crowned Night Heron was started with the behaviour of nest building in March 22 and finished with last fledglings in June 19. From 91 eggs in 30 randomly selected nests, 3.03 eggs were found and the clutch size was varied from 2 to 5 eggs. The mean of breeding success in hatching, nestling and post-nestling breeding stages were 63.73% (n=58), 49.45% (n=45), 45.05% (n=41), respectively. The total breeding success during the breeding season was measured 52.74%. Clutch size, brood size and nest parameters did non-significant effects on the breeding success. Most mortality rate occurred before the hatching stage (36.26% (n=33)) mostly due to the natural factors.
Animal physiology
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 December 2013
Abstract
The association between ABO blood groups and Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence is still controversial. We aimed to study the association between ABO/Rh antigens and IgG seropositivity in an Iranian adult population for the first time. Blood samples of 300 healthy young adults aging 18 -30 years were ...
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The association between ABO blood groups and Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence is still controversial. We aimed to study the association between ABO/Rh antigens and IgG seropositivity in an Iranian adult population for the first time. Blood samples of 300 healthy young adults aging 18 -30 years were collected for H. pylori antibody detection and ABO/Rhesus blood group antigen typing. 51.2 %, 49.5 %, 52.5 % and 60.0 % of cases with blood groups O, A, B and AB were seropositive, respectively. The frequency of seropositivity was not statistically different among the four blood groups (P = 0.843). No association was found between seropositivity and either Rh antigen (P = 0.850) or gender (P = 0.377). Seropositive individuals were significantly older than seronegative ones (24.48 ± 3.72 years vs. 23.25 ± 3.88 years; P = 0.006). There was a sharp increase in the prevalence of seropositivity in the 21-24 year age group compared to the 18-21 year age group and in the 27-30 year age group compared to 24-27 year age group. Adults in Iran seem to be more prone to new H. pylori infection in the beginning and the end of their twenties than the years in between.
Somayeh Shokri; Azadeh Rasooli; Mehdi Hedayati
Volume 6, Issue 4 , June 2018, , Pages 105-112
Abstract
Abstract After iron, iodine deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in third world countries. Today, the urinary iodine which indicates the recent iodine status is the only biological indicator for iodine. Therefore, providing of a long-term indicator for assessing of iodine status is essential. ...
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Abstract After iron, iodine deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in third world countries. Today, the urinary iodine which indicates the recent iodine status is the only biological indicator for iodine. Therefore, providing of a long-term indicator for assessing of iodine status is essential. In this study, by using the well-known Sandell–Kolthoff reaction the iodine levels were simultaneously measured in hair and urine of 50 samples. The precision, accuracy, and sensitivity of the assay were also evaluated. Acid digestion was sufficiently accurate. Intra and inter-assay coefficients were less than 10 and 12 percent, respectively. Based on the recovery and recycling tests, the recovery percentage of the applied method was 90 to 110 percent which indicates an acceptable accuracy for this study. This method can digest the hair samples in an acidic environment and has enough efficiency to remove interfering and iodine releasing agents in the samples. Moreover, this method has sufficiently the precision, accuracy, and sensitivity required for the measurement of iodine in the hair samples. In addition, using of acidic digestion, reduces the risk of alkaline medium for digestion and the time of long-term ashing methods. It also increases the safety of the used method.
Ameneh Jamshidi; Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi; Tayebeh Rajabian; Gholam Reza Bakhshikhaniki; Shahla Mozaffari
Abstract
Abstract Chlorella sorokiniana contains valuable metabolites such as proteins, antioxidants, lipids, vitamins and minerals, and is used as a food for animals and medicine. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of some culture factors and conditions on nutrient supplementation of algal levels for ...
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Abstract Chlorella sorokiniana contains valuable metabolites such as proteins, antioxidants, lipids, vitamins and minerals, and is used as a food for animals and medicine. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of some culture factors and conditions on nutrient supplementation of algal levels for aquaculture was investigated. For this purpose, algae were cultured in modified Bold Basal Media (BBM) and 0.5 gram of glucose was added as carbon source. Then, the effect of pH, addition of thiamine pyrophosphate, changes in nitrate and phosphate levels, addition of yeast and lack of glucose, were studied on growth and content of algal metabolites. The highest growth rate, antioxidant content, protein and some algal mineral content were obtained in medium containing twice the nitrate and phosphate with or without thiamine pyrophosphate. Adding yeast increased dry weight and decreased none significantly antioxidants. Adding thiamine pyrophosphate alone and low reduction of acidity did not significantly effect on growth and metabolites of alga. Lack of glucose significantly reduced alga growth.
Masoud Yousefi; Ali Khani; Sayad Sheykhi Inanlou; Elham Nourani; Anousheh Kaffash
Volume 6, Issue 2 , December 2017, , Pages 107-118
Abstract
Status and distribution of breeding birds in Iran is poorly known, especially in the north-east of Iran. In this study we present the result of our long-term field observations of breeding birds in northeastern Iran, Khorasan-e-Razavi province (Mashhad County, Sabzevar County, Sarakhs County, ...
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Status and distribution of breeding birds in Iran is poorly known, especially in the north-east of Iran. In this study we present the result of our long-term field observations of breeding birds in northeastern Iran, Khorasan-e-Razavi province (Mashhad County, Sabzevar County, Sarakhs County, Dargaz County, Quchan County, Torbat-e Heydarieh County) since 2008. We confirmed the breeding status of 54 bird species, some of which, namely Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus, Saker Falcon Falco cherrug, Asian Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis macqueenii and European roller Coracias garrulus are threatened. We believe that the number of breeding birds in Khorasan-e-Razavi province is much higher than reported here, but further observations and evidence is required to confirm the exact number. Due to the importance of uniform data collection and monitoring of breeding birds, we provide a framework for recording these data within Iran.
Yazdan Keivany; Atta Mouludi Saleh; Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali
Volume 7, Issue 1 , September 2018, , Pages 107-118
Abstract
Abstract In order to evaluate the biometry of chub (Squalius namak, Khaefi et al., 2016) populations in Khaznagh, Ghinercheh, Gharechae, Jajrud and Ghomrud rivers of Lake Namak Basin, 129 specimens were captured by a seine nets in 2010-2011. After anesthetizing in 1% clove oil solution and fixing in ...
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Abstract In order to evaluate the biometry of chub (Squalius namak, Khaefi et al., 2016) populations in Khaznagh, Ghinercheh, Gharechae, Jajrud and Ghomrud rivers of Lake Namak Basin, 129 specimens were captured by a seine nets in 2010-2011. After anesthetizing in 1% clove oil solution and fixing in 10% neutralized formalin, specimens were transferred to the laboratory for further studies. Some 14 meristic characters were counted under a stereomicroscope. To extract data for morphometric characteristics, 19 distances were measured on images in ImageJ software. To reduce the effects of allometric growth, morphometric data were standardized. To analyze the differences among the populations, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, Duncan test, PCA, CVA and Cluster analyses were used. The morphometric characteristics separated Gharachai population from Khaznagh and Qomrud in PCA and CVA Analyses. But meristics were overlapping with each other in the studied populations, and there was no significant differences among them. The result showed that some morphometric characteristics are well able to distinguish some populations of S. namak.
Mahmood Banimasani; Yazdan Keivany; Eisa Ebrahimi
Abstract
Abstract Quantifying morphological characteristics of body shape in fishes can help their correct identification as well as understanding of evolutionary history of their different populations. Hence, this study was aimed to compare the morphological characteristics of different population of siahmahi ...
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Abstract Quantifying morphological characteristics of body shape in fishes can help their correct identification as well as understanding of evolutionary history of their different populations. Hence, this study was aimed to compare the morphological characteristics of different population of siahmahi (Capoeta fusca) in inland-water of Iran using geometric morphometric method (GM). In total 122 specimens of Capoeta fusca were collected from three rivers Amirabad, Kalshur, Tabarak. Then, the lateral surface of their left side photographed and seventeen landmark-points defined and digitized using TpsDig2 software to extract body shape data in geometric morphometry. The coordinate data after GPA superimposing, analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variate analysis (CVA) and cluster analysis (CA) and body shape pattern of every population was visualized in relation to consensus shape of total populations. Based on the PCA, six factors were above the Joliff line and accounted for more than 79.37% of the variance. The highest variances were related to the head size, body depth, dorsal and anal fin position, dorsal fin base length and caudal peduncle length. The CVA and PCA morphometric of Capoeta fusca indicated that the three populations of Kalshur, Amirabad and Tabarak have meaningful differences and they are separated from each other (p<0.0001). The cluster analysis has also isolated the population of Kalshur from the populations of Amirabad and Tabarak.
Maryam Alsadat Hashemi; Omid Tabiee
Volume 5, Issue 4 , May 2017, , Pages 109-116
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the level of people’s knowledge and behaviors towards the protection of Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis undulata (Jacquin, 1784)), to recommend solutions that can improve management and conservation of this species. In this descriptive and analytical study, ...
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The purpose of this study was to determine the level of people’s knowledge and behaviors towards the protection of Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis undulata (Jacquin, 1784)), to recommend solutions that can improve management and conservation of this species. In this descriptive and analytical study, 600 people from Fars province were chosen via the clustered random sampling. Data was collected by a questionnaire with a reliability of 83%, consisting of questions about the people’s demographics as well as their knowledge and practice regarding protection of Houbara bustard was completed for all the study population through interviews. Subsequently, descriptive statistics, x2, and Mann-Whitney test and kruscal-wallis test were employed for analysis using SPSS Software (version 19). Based on the findings, 69.45 percent of the cases had poor knowledge and 43.3% had no desire to support of this species. On the other hand, there were a significant correlation between knowledge and sex and awareness and age (P
Ali Ghasemian; Mohammadtaghi Asadollahzadeh; Ahmadreza Saraeian; Hossein Resalati; Mohammad Taherzadeh
Abstract
Abstract Toxic compounds and inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates such as acetic acid and phenolic compounds are the major challenge for biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic materials into biofuels like bioethanol. In this study, the performance of four filamentous fungi Rhizopus oryzae, Mucor ...
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Abstract Toxic compounds and inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates such as acetic acid and phenolic compounds are the major challenge for biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic materials into biofuels like bioethanol. In this study, the performance of four filamentous fungi Rhizopus oryzae, Mucor indicus, Neurospora intermedia and Aspergilus oryzae on the fungal biomass production, sugar and acetic acid consumption as well as ethanol production was investigated in synthetic mediums containing 0, 3, 5 and 7 g/L acetic acid. The fungal biomass obtained after 48 and 72 hours cultivation showed that the rate of the fungi growth and lag phase decreased and increased by acetic acid addition into the medium, respectively. The inhibitory effect of acetic acid on M. indicus growth was higher than those of other fungi, i.e., its biomass production decreased significantly at higher concentration of acetic acid (5 g/L), while A. oryzae showed pretty good tolerance to acetic acid. The results indicated that the effect of acetic acid on the fungal biomass and ethanol production was dependent on acetic acid concentration and the fungus type which can affect positively and/or negatively on the fermentation. The ethanol concentration from A. oryzae and R. oryzae cultivation in the medium containing acetic acid was decreased and increased, respectively. According to the fermentation results, the medium containing 7 g/L acetic acid was enough to stop the fungi growth and ethanol production.
Musa Keshavarz; Maryam Soyuf Jahromi
Volume 6, Issue 1 , May 2017, , Pages 121-132
Abstract
Sea urchin as a bioerosion, is an effective factors on coral reef ecosystems which the observable biometry of urchin and its relationship with the jaw is important. Therefore, within this survey, sea urchin Echinometra mathaei were examined for summertime (July–September, 2014) between the intertidal ...
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Sea urchin as a bioerosion, is an effective factors on coral reef ecosystems which the observable biometry of urchin and its relationship with the jaw is important. Therefore, within this survey, sea urchin Echinometra mathaei were examined for summertime (July–September, 2014) between the intertidal areas of Dayyer Port (51˚53’49.39ʼ’E, 27˚50ʼ3.57’’N), Iran. A total of 91 individuals lively transferred to a lab. Total wet weight was weighted by a digital scale and the test height and diameters and the jaw length was measured by caliper (0.01 precision). The relationships between heights and diameters with weights were calculated according to indices and the relationships between the jaw lengths and test height and diameter were achieved. The results illustrated that the relationship between test height to its diameter (HDR index) is independent of test diameter (the slop near to zero) and therefore, there is a direct relationship between test height and diameter (a=0.47). Although the highest values of test height and spin length refer to males, but females achieved bigger values of test diameter, height and thickness (mean test height, diameter and thickness of females were 24.13±3.52 mm, 44.93±5.71 mm, 0.83±0.16 mm; and males: 21.22±6.82 mm, 37.67±12.27 mm, and 0.73±0.20 mm, respectively). The test diameter and weight of immature samples were less than 20 mm and 6.66 gr, respectively where can be as a primary criterion of Echinometra mathaei sexual maturity. Two indices HWR and DWR of both females and males had obvious differences with total samples, which also can be related to immature samples. Moreover, the jaw length was half of height (a=0.49, r=0.87) and a quarter of diameter (a=0.25, r=0.89). Results also illustrated well that larger samples had longer jaws that it could help identifying higher erosive samples.
Amir Ebrahimi; Azita Farashi; Alireza Rashki
Abstract
Persian Leopard is the most prominent mammals in Iran, where most of its distribution is known to be in this country. Dispersion of this species depends on anthropological and climatical factors. Studying its habitat as a keystone species is really important because it has effects on the functions of ...
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Persian Leopard is the most prominent mammals in Iran, where most of its distribution is known to be in this country. Dispersion of this species depends on anthropological and climatical factors. Studying its habitat as a keystone species is really important because it has effects on the functions of the ecosystem. With this all said, conservation measures are crucial for this species. Based on the previous studies, despite the wide range of Iranian leopard diet, factors such as land use change has reduced its prey in many areas. Nowadays new habitat modelling methods play an important role in wildlife management and conservation. One of these methods is the MaxEnt approach. In this study, using this method and using variables of land cover, topographic, climatic and human-made, modeling to predict suitable habitats of Persian Leopard, Wild Goat, Urial Wild Sheep and Armenian Wild Sheep were performed as their favorite preys. Based on the model evaluation results by using Jackknife index and response curves showed that Persian Leopard, Wild Goat, Urial Wild Sheep and Armenian Wild Sheep have shown significant responses to the distance of protected areas. It also showed that taking distance from protected areas to reduce habitat suitabilities for the studied species. Also, Persian leopard habitats have significant overlaps with its 3 favourite prey. This shows the importance of wild goats, Urial and Armenian wild sheep in Persian leopard habitats.
Mansoor Kordi; Nader Shabanipou
Abstract
Abstract Study of eye structure in Enhydrina schistosa is an important subject and yet not enough as it is an active hunter that lives in shallow waters and some active predators like sea eagles and sharks are feeding at it. In this study Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used for observing cellular ...
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Abstract Study of eye structure in Enhydrina schistosa is an important subject and yet not enough as it is an active hunter that lives in shallow waters and some active predators like sea eagles and sharks are feeding at it. In this study Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used for observing cellular layers in details. Specimens were collected from water surface in Chabahar Bay. The eyes were fixed in Bouin’s fluid and 10% formalin. There is a transparent layer (Spectacle) in front of the cornea (with protective role) with a three-layered structure. The sclera and cornea are quite thick with protective role against water pressure and mechanical stresses. The choroid consists of a loose tissue. The retina is composed of only a few cones and rods are absent that is evidence of the low visual capability in this successful marine reptile. Cone cells density in Ventral (V) and Dorsal (D) quadrants is higher than Temporal (T) and Nasal (N) quadrants and also Cone cells density in Ventral quadrant is higher than Dorsal quadrant. It seems Ventral quadrant (with highest cone cells density) might have a role in detecting aerial predators (sea eagles) and Dorsal quadrant (with lower cone cells density than Ventral quadrant) might have been engaged (not so important) in feeding on demersal fishes.
Zeynab Amanzadeh; Felor Zargari; Alireza Khalilaria
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is created by hyperglycemia and impaired insulin secretion, resistance to insulin action or both. Researches show that aqueous extracts of white tea has an antioxidant properties but few studies have been conducted on the effects of diabetic and hyperlipidemic. ...
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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is created by hyperglycemia and impaired insulin secretion, resistance to insulin action or both. Researches show that aqueous extracts of white tea has an antioxidant properties but few studies have been conducted on the effects of diabetic and hyperlipidemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of white tea on the lipid profile and blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In the experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 were; First group, control group that received standard diet and a daily 1ml of distilled water via gavage; the second group, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats; the third group, healthy rats aqueous extract of white tea (1.5 percent) were consumed; the forth group, diabetic rats that were consumed aqueous extracts of white tea (1.5 percent). After the treatment period (30 days) to determine blood glucose levels and lipid profile was performed and the data were analyzed with SPSS software (P<0.05). A significant decreases in serum levels of glucose, LDL, cholesterol and triglyceride and significant increase in levels of HDL and weight were observed in the group receiving aqueous extract of white tea (P<0.05). The results showed that aqueous extracts of white tea decreases serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol levels significantly (P<0.05). The aqueous extracts of white tea is effective for hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats.
Fatemeh Nabipour; Mohammad Fazilati; Behroze Dousti; Reza Mir Derikvand
Abstract
Recently, due to increased Candida infection and frequent recurrence and due to the resistance of Candida species to most antifungal drugs, for the first time, antifungal properties of methanolic, n-hexane and aqueous extracts from different parts of Echium italicum were compared with antibiotics. In ...
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Recently, due to increased Candida infection and frequent recurrence and due to the resistance of Candida species to most antifungal drugs, for the first time, antifungal properties of methanolic, n-hexane and aqueous extracts from different parts of Echium italicum were compared with antibiotics. In this study, methanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts from different parts of the plant were prepared in different concentrations by soaking method And on two species of Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis by disk diffusion method and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration), MFC (minimum fungicidal concentration of growth) by micro dilution method. Antibiotics Nystatin and Fluconazole were used as a positive control and DMSO was used as a negative control. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and t-test. The results showed that different extracts from the root of the plant showed more antifungal activity than the aerial part of the plant against both species of Candida (P<0/05). The methanolic extract of the root showed the highest mean diameter of growth and the lowest MIC (15.62 μg/μl) and MFC (31.25 μg/μl) against Candida glabrata as inhibitory diameter of growth the methanolic extract in concentration of 5mg/ml (18.5±0.5) was higher than Nystatin antibiotic inhibitory diameter of growth for Candida glabrata. The results showed that the extracts of this plant have antifungal effects on both Candida species and after supplementary and clinical trials as an appropriate antifungal agent against Candida glabrata infection and Tropicalis infection.
Bagher Nezami; Farhad Ataei; Anooshe Kafash; Afshin Alizadeh Shaabani; Rahman Eshaghi; Rahman Naeimaei
Volume 6, Issue 3 , March 2018, , Pages 127-141
Abstract
The main goals of this research are predicting the suitable habitat distribution, identifying habitat selection of brown bear and the main effective factors in Central Alborz Protected Area on spring and summer when they have yearling cubs. Identifying core areas, as source populations, have a key role ...
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The main goals of this research are predicting the suitable habitat distribution, identifying habitat selection of brown bear and the main effective factors in Central Alborz Protected Area on spring and summer when they have yearling cubs. Identifying core areas, as source populations, have a key role to conserve of the species. The results are showed as a predicted map of suitable habitat patches distribution and priority of influence factors, according to the species fundamental niche. The required data are a set of species occurrence coordinates (presence points) according to the field observations and study areas’ environmental parameters layers. In this study we used Maximum Entropy Model for habitat modeling in central Alborz protected area. The presence data were gather from field surveys. The AUC values is 0.89 indicating good performance of the model. Jackknife graph showed that annual precipitation is the most effective parameter and vegetation is the most individual parameter. The predicted habitat of species showed a seasonal pattern of distribution. This results can be used to manage and conserve species in suitable habitats according to the species response to the environmental factors
